Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000400008
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Avaliação do bloqueio neuromuscular residual e da recurarização tardia na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica

Evaluation of residual neuromuscular block and late recurarization in the post-anesthetic care unit

Maria Cristina Simões de Almeida; Dalto Rodrigues de Camargo; Saul Fernando Linhares; Sérgio Galluf Pederneiras

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000400008 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n4, p.518-531, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O bloqueio neuromuscular residual altera a patência das vias aéreas aumentando o risco de graves complicações no pós-operatório. Nos pacientes que recebem o anticolinesterásico, a transmissão neuromuscular é incrementada pelo acúmulo de acetilcolina na placa motora, mas que, findo o efeito da neostigmina, teoricamente é possível uma "recurarização", visto que o agente antagonista não desloca o bloqueador neuromuscular do seu local de ação. Foi objetivo deste trabalho quantificar o grau de paralisia residual em Sala de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica (SRPA) e averiguar se os pacientes que receberam neostigmina apresentam fenômeno de "recurarização" tardia. MÉTODO: Foram estudados na SRPA 119 pacientes adultos que receberam bloqueadores neuromusculares para diferentes tipos de procedimentos. Ao chegarem na SRPA, a transmissão neuromuscular foi quantificada através de um monitor por método acelerográfico. Os eletrodos estimuladores foram instalados no trajeto do nervo ulnar no punho, e empregou-se a seqüência de 4 estímulos, com correntes de 30 mA, na periodicidade de 15 até 120 minutos. Nesta pesquisa considerou-se como resíduo de bloqueio neuromuscular uma relação T4/T1 abaixo de 0,9. No tempo de permanência da SRPA foram igualmente registrados os sintomas clínicos sugestivos de bloqueio neuromuscular residual e aferidos os sinais vitais. Para análise estatística foram empregadas medidas descritivas tais como média e freqüência absoluta. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes que receberam pancurônio apresentaram maior incidência de resíduo de bloqueio neuromuscular, principalmente os idosos. Nos pacientes que receberam neostigmina houve expressivo percentual de bloqueio neuromuscular residual. Em nenhum grupo observou-se o fenômeno de "recurarização" tardia. CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se expressivo número de pacientes com resíduo de bloqueio neuromuscular, quando utilizado o pancurônio. A fase de recuperação, quando foi usada a neostigmina não se seguiu de "recurarização", sugerindo que esse fenômeno não tenha significado clínico quando o paciente não apresenta sinais de falência de órgãos ou comorbidades que alteram a transmissão neuromuscular.

Palavras-chave

BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, MONITORIZAÇÃO, MONITORIZAÇÃO, RECUPERAÇÃO PÓS-ANESTÉSICA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Residual postoperative paralysis impairs airway patency increasing the risk for postoperative complications. Anti-cholinesterase agents improve neuromuscular transmission by acetylcholine build up in the endplate. However, when there is no longer neostigmine effect, "recurarization" is theoretically possible since the antagonist agent does not displace neuromuscular blocker from its action site. This study aimed at determining the degree of residual neuromuscular block in the Post Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) and at observing whether patients receiving neostigmine presented the late "recurarization" phenomenon. METHODS: Participated in this study 119 adult patients who received neuromuscular blockers for different procedures. At PACU arrival, neuromuscular transmission has been quantified by acceleromyography, with stimulating electrodes placed over the ulnar nerve at the wrist, the train of four (TOF) was used with electrical current of 30mA at 15-minute intervals for a period of 120 minutes. Residual neuromuscular block was considered T4/T1 ratio below 0.9. Clinical symptoms suggesting residual neuromuscular block and vital signs were also recorded in the PACU. Descriptive measures, such as mean and absolute frequency were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Patients receiving pancuronium had a higher incidence of residual block, especially the elderly. Patients receiving neostigmine also presented an expressive percentage of residual curarization. There has been no late recurarization in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of residual block was significantly higher in the pancuronium group. There has been no case of recurarization with neostigmine suggesting that this phenomenon has no clinical significance when patients have no signs of organ failure or co-morbidity impairing neuromuscular transmission.

Keywords

MONITORING, MONITORING, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, POSTANESTHETIC RECOVERY

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