Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000400003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Clonidina e dexmedetomidina por via peridural para analgesia e sedação pós-operatória de colecistectomia

Epidural clonidine or dexmedetomidine for post-cholecystectomy analgesia and sedation

Antônio Mauro Vieira; Taylor Brandão Schnaider; Antônio Carlos Aguiar Brandão; Flávio Aparecido Pereira; Everaldo Donizeti Costa; Carlos Eduardo Povoa Fonseca

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000400003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n4, p.473-478, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A clonidina e a dexmedetomidina são agonistas alfa2-adrenérgicos que, quando administrados por via peridural, possuem propriedades analgésicas e potencializam os efeitos dos anestésicos locais. A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a analgesia e a sedação produzidas pela clonidina ou dexmedetomidina associadas à ropivacaína, por via peridural, no pós-operatório de colecistectomia por via subcostal. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo aleatório e duplamente encoberto 40 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 18 a 50 anos, peso entre 50 e 100 kg, estado físico ASA I e II, submetidos à colecistectomia por via subcostal, os quais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: clonidina (GC), em que foi administrada clonidina (1 ml = 150 µg) associada à ropivacaína a 0,75% (20 ml) por via peridural; dexmedetomidina (GD), em que foi injetada dexmedetomidina (2 µg.kg-1) associada à ropivacaína a 0,75% (20 ml) por via peridural. A analgesia e a sedação foram observadas 2, 6 e 24 horas após o término da anestesia. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu sedação depois de 2 e 6 horas em ambos os grupos, sendo que houve diferença estatística significante entre os tempos de 2 e 6 horas no grupo dexmedetomidina. Houve analgesia em ambos os grupos, especialmente depois de 2 e 6 horas. Foi detectada diferença estatística significante entre os tempos de 2, 6 e 24 horas no grupo dexmedetomidina; no grupo clonidina essa diferença estatística significante foi observada entre os tempos de 2 e 6 horas e entre 2 e 24 horas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados permitiram concluir que a clonidina ou a dexmedetomidina associadas à ropivacaína a 0,75% asseguraram analgesia e sedação nos tempos de observação de 2 e 6 horas após o término da anestesia, nos pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia por via subcostal e que a clonidina promove analgesia mais prolongada.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, DROGAS, DROGAS, DROGAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clonidine and dexmedetomidine are alpha2-adrenergic agonists with analgesic proprieties which potentiate local anesthetic effects when epidurally administered. The goal of this study was to evaluate the analgesia and sedation promoted by clonidine or dexmedetomidine associated to epidural ropivacaine, in the postoperative period of subcostal cholecystectomy. METHODS: Forty patients of both gender participated in this randomized double-blind study , aged 18 to 50 years, weighing 50 to 100 kg, physical status ASA I or II, submitted to subcostal cholecystectomy. The subjects were distributed in two groups: Clonidine (CG), receiving clonidine (1 mL = 150 µg) associated to 0.75% epidural ropivacaine (20 mL); Dexmedetomidine (DG), receiving dexmedetomidine (2 µg.kg-1) associated to 0.75% epidural ropivacaine (20 mL). Analgesia and sedation were evaluated 2, 6 and 24 hours anesthetic recovery. RESULTS: Both groups present some grade of sedation in the moments 2 and 6 hours , with statistically significant difference between the two moments for the dexmedetomidine group. There has been analgesia in both groups, especially at 2 and 6 hours. There have been statistically significant difference among periods of 2, 6 and 24 hours in the dexmedetomidine group; in the clonidine group, this statistically significant difference was observed between the periods of 2 and 6 hours and between 2 and 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Our results allowed to conclude that the association of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to 0.75% ropivacaine induces analgesia and sedation in 2 and 6 hours after anesthetic recovery in patients submitted to subcostal cholecystectomy and that clonidine promotes more prolonged analgesia.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, DRUGS, DRUGS, DRUGS

References

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