Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000200007
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Avaliação das condições de intubação traqueal com rocurônio aos 60 segundos em crianças, adultos e idosos

Tracheal intubation conditions at 60 seconds in children, adults and elderly patients

Maria Cristina Simões de Almeida; Rogério Silveira Martins; Ana Lúcia Costa Martins

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000200007 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n2, p.204-211, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O rocurônio apresenta um início de ação mais rápido do que todos os outros bloqueadores neuromusculares adespolarizantes disponíveis comercialmente, permitindo a intubação traqueal em tempo similar ao da succinilcolina. Além do relaxamento das cordas vocais, também é importante para uma intubação rápida e segura, em que não haja reação ao tubo traqueal ou tosse após a sua colocação. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo comparar as condições de intubação traqueal com rocurônio (0,6 mg.kg-1) com escala clínica em crianças, adultos e idosos. MÉTODO: Após medicação pré-anestésica com midazolam, monitorização de rotina e indução da anestesia com propofol e fentanil, foram avaliadas, por escala clínica, as condições de intubação traqueal após 60 segundos, em 60 pacientes com idades entre 1 e 88 anos, estado físico ASA I a III, que receberam rocurônio (0,6 mg.kg-1) em 5 segundos. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a faixa etária: Grupo 1 (G1) crianças de até 12 anos, Grupo 2 (G2), adultos de 18 a 65 anos e Grupo 3 (G3), pacientes acima de 65 anos. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: as condições de intubação traqueal por escala clínica, a pressão arterial e o pulso, aferidos antes (controle),após a indução, após a injeção de rocurônio, 3 e 5 minutos após a intubação traqueal. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes foram intubados com sucesso em 60 segundos, mas as condições clinicamente aceitáveis em 100% dos casos só foram obtidas nos adultos e idosos. Três crianças foram classificadas como em condições ruins devido à presença de tosse sustentada por mais de 10 segundos. Não houve alterações significativas da pressão arterial nem da freqüência do pulso durante o estudo. CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições desse estudo, a dose de 0,6 mg.kg-1 foi suficiente para intubação traqueal em 60 segundos em adultos e idosos. No entanto, foi insuficiente para obtenção de condições de intubação traqueal clinicamente aceitáveis em 60 segundos em 100% das crianças.

Palavras-chave

BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, INTUBAÇÃO TRAQUEAL

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rocuronium has the fastest onset as compared to all other available nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers, allowing tracheal intubation time similar to succinylcholine's. In addition to vocal cords relaxation, it is also important that there is no tube reactions (bucking) or coughing after its placement, in order to achieve fast and safe tracheal intubation. This study aimed at comparing intubation conditions after 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium at 60 seconds in children, adults and elderly patients. METHODS: Following premedication with midazolam, routine monitoring and induction with fentanyl and propofol, intubation conditions at 60s were evaluated according to clinical criteria in 60 ASA I-III patients aged 1 to 88 years who received 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium in 5 seconds. Patients were divided in three groups according to age: Group 1 (G1) children up to 12 years of age; Group 2 (G2), adults aged 18 to 65 years; Group 3 (G3) patients above 65 years of age. The following parameters were evaluated: tracheal intubation conditions by clinical criteria, blood pressure and pulse measured before induction (control), after induction, after rocuronium injection, 3 and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. RESULTS: All patients were successfully intubated in 60s, but clinically acceptable conditions in 100% of cases were only achieved in adults and elderly patients. Three children were classified as having unacceptable conditions due to sustained cough for more than 10 seconds. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or pulse during the study. CONCLUSIONS: In the conditions of our study, 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium was sufficient for tracheal intubation in 60 seconds in adult and elderly patients. It was, however, insufficient for clinically acceptable tracheal intubation conditions in 60 seconds in 100% of children.

Keywords

NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, TRACHEAL INTUBATION

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