Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000200006
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Disritmias cardíacas e alterações do segmento ST em idosos no perioperatório de ressecção transuretral da próstata sob raquianestesia: estudo comparativo

Cardiac arrhythmias and ST changes in the perioperative period of elderly patients submitted to transurethral prostatectomy under spinal anesthesia: comparative study

Beatriz Lemos da Silva Mandim; Renato Enrique Sologuren Achá; Neuber Martins Fonseca; Fabiano Zumpano

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000200006 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n2, p.190-203, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Idosos representam 25% do total dos pacientes cirúrgicos. Muitos pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC) apresentam eletrocardiograma (ECG) pré-operatório normal, e alta incidência de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) silencioso na 1ª semana de pós-operatório. As disritmias aumentam com a idade, sendo observadas extrassístoles supraventriculares (ESSV) e ventriculares (ESV), fibrilação atrial e distúrbios da condução intraventricular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de disritmias cardíacas e de alterações do segmento ST no perioperatório através do Sistema Holter em pacientes idosos submetidos à cirurgia de ressecção transuretral da próstata (RTU) e herniorrafia inguinal sob raquianestesia (controle). MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 21 pacientes com idades entre 65 e 84 anos submetidos a RTU da próstata e 16 pacientes com idades entre 65 e 86 anos, submetidos à herniorrafia inguinal, sob raquianestesia. Avaliação pelo Sistema Holter no pré-operatório (12 horas), intra-operatório (3 horas) e pós-operatório (12 horas). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de extrassístoles supraventriculares (ESSV) entre os grupos RTU e controle foi, no pré-operatório 85,7% vs. 93,7%, no intra-operatório 85,7% vs. 81,2% e no pós-operatório 76,2% vs. 100%. As extrassístoles ventriculares (ESV) tiveram prevalência de 76,2% vs. 81,2% no pré, 80,9% vs. 68,7% no intra e 80,9% vs. 81,2% no pós-operatório. A prevalência de alterações do segmento ST entre os grupos RTU e controle foi, no pré-operatório 19% vs. 18,7%, no intra-operatório 4,7% vs. 18,7% e no pós-operatório de 14,3% vs. 18,7%, sem significância estatística. CONCLUSÕES: Os paciente idosos apresentam alta prevalência de ESSV e ESV. O número total de ESSV e ESV, e alterações do segmento ST, presentes no período pré-operatório, não foi alterado pela cirurgia de ressecção transuretral da próstata, bem como pela herniorrafia inguinal, nos períodos intra e pós-operatório.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, CIRURGIA, COMPLICAÇÕES, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Elderly account for 25% of surgical patients. Several patients with arterial heart disease have normal preoperative ECG and a high incidence of silent myocardial acute infarction in the first postoperative week. Arrhythmias increase with age and supraventricular and ventricular premature complexes, atrial fibrillation and intraventricular conduction abnormalities are observed. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of perioperative arrhythmias and ST changes through Holter System in elderly patients submitted to transurethral prostatectomy and inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Participated in this study 21 patients aged 65 to 84 years submitted to transurethral prostatectomy (TUP) and 16 patients aged 63 to 86 years submitted to inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia. Monitoring with Holter System was performed in the preoperative (12 hours), intraoperative (3 hours) and postoperative (12 hours) periods. RESULTS: The prevalence of supraventricular premature complex was 85.7% vs. 93.7% in the preoperative period, 85.7% vs. 81.2% in the intraoperative and 76.2% vs. 100% in the postoperative period, respectively for groups TUP and control. The prevalence of ventricular premature complex was 76.2% vs. 81.2% in the preoperative period, 80.9% vs. 68.7% in the intraoperative period, and 80.9% vs. 81.2% in the postoperative period, respectively for groups TUP and control. The prevalence of ST changes was 19% vs. 18.7% in the preoperative period, 4.7% vs. 18.7% in the in the intraoperative period, and 14.3% vs. 18.7% in the postoperative period between groups TUP and control, without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients have a high prevalence of supraventricular and ventricular cardiac arrhythmias. The total number of preoperative arrhythmias and ST changes was not changed as a function of transurethral prostatectomy surgery or inguinal hernia repair, in the intra and postoperative periods.

Keywords

ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, COMPLICATIONS, SURGERY, SURGERY

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