Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000200003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Incidência de tremor em anestesia peridural com ou sem fentanil: estudo comparativo

Shivering during epidural anesthesia with and without fentanyl: comparative study

Múcio Paranhos de Abreu; João Lopes Vieira; Marcelo Negrão Lutti; Emily Santos Montarroyos; Randal de Tarso Rossi; Rodrigo Moraes

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000200003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n2, p.153-161, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A maioria dos trabalhos encontrados na literatura, relacionando a influência dos opióides administrados por via peridural com o tremor intra e pós-operatório, foram realizados com grupos de pacientes obstétricas, nas quais a resposta do centro termorregulador pode ser diferente das pacientes não grávidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o bloqueio peridural com e sem fentanil, quanto à incidência de tremores e outras complicações no intra e pós-operatório em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de varizes sob anestesia peridural com bupivacaína a 0,5% com adrenalina a 1:200.000. MÉTODO: Trinta e quatro pacientes, estado físico ASA I e II, submetidos à cirurgia para tratamento de varizes de membros inferiores, foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos (n = 17), e receberam midazolam (0,05 mg.kg-1), por via venosa seguido de anestesia peridural lombar, utilizando-se no grupo S, 20 ml bupivacaína a 0,5% (com vasoconstritor) associado a 2 ml de solução fisiológica a 0,9% e no grupo F, 20 ml de bupivacaína a 0,5% (com vasoconstritor) associada ao fentanil (100 µg). Foram estudados: incidência de tremor, temperatura dos pacientes, necessidade do uso de meperidina, e a incidência de náuseas e vômitos nos seguintes momentos: M1 - admissão do paciente na sala de operação; M2 - imediatamente antes da anestesia; M3 - 30 minutos após o término da injeção do anestésico local; M4 - 60 minutos após o término da injeção do anestésico local; M5 - 90 minutos após o término da injeção do anestésico local; M6 - final da anestesia; M7 - antecedendo a alta da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. RESULTADOS: Quanto aos dados antropométricos, estado físico, tempo médio de duração da anestesia e cirurgia, temperatura dos pacientes e da sala de operação e incidência de náuseas e vômitos não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. Houve diferença estatística aos 60 minutos (M4) e 90 minutos (M5) após o bloqueio peridural, com maior incidência de tremor no Grupo S que no Grupo F. Houve maior necessidade de utilização de meperidina nos pacientes submetidos ao bloqueio peridural não associado ao fentanil. CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições deste estudo, a adição de 100 µg de fentanil ao anestésico local, por via peridural, mostrou que o opióide não tem a propriedade de abolir o tremor, mas de reduzir sua incidência e a intensidade, sem aumentar a incidência de náuseas e vômitos.

Palavras-chave

ANALGÉSICOS, ANALGÉSICOS, COMPLICAÇÕES, COMPLICAÇÕES, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most studies in the literature correlating epidural opioids to postoperative shivering were carried out with obstetric patients whose thermoregulation center response might be different from non-pregnant patients. Our study aimed at comparing intra and postoperative shivering and other complications of epidural block with and without fentanyl in patients submitted to varicose vein surgery under epidural anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine and 1:200,000 epinephrine. METHODS: Participated in this study 34 patients, physical status ASA I and II, submitted to lower limbs varicose vein surgery, who were randomly distributed in 2 groups (n = 17) and received intravenous midazolam (0.05 mg.kg-1) followed by lumbar epidural anesthesia. Group S received 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine (with epinephrine) associated to 2 mL of 0.9% saline solution, and Group F received 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine (with epinephrine) associated to fentanyl (100 µg). Shivering, temperature, meperidine need, nausea and vomiting were evaluated in the following moments: M1 - admission to the operating room; M2 - immediately before anesthesia; M3 - 30 minutes after local anesthetic injection; M4 - 60 minutes after local anesthetic injection; M5 - 90 minutes after local anesthetic injection; M6 - end of anesthesia; M7 - immediately before PACU discharge. RESULTS: There have been no statistically significant differences between groups in demographics, physical status, mean anesthesia and surgery duration, patients and operating room temperature, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting. There have been statistically significant differences in shivering occurrence at 60 (M4) and 90 minutes (M5) after epidural block, with higher incidence of shivering in Group S as compared to Group F. A greater demand for meperidine was observed in patients submitted to epidural block without fentanyl. CONCLUSIONS: In the conditions of our study, 100 µg fentanyl associated to epidural local anesthetics did not abolish shivering but is able to decrease its incidence without increasing the incidence of nausea and vomiting.

Keywords

ANALGESICS, ANALGESICS, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS

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