Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000600003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Dose preparatória de atracúrio: aferição da fadiga no músculo orbicular do olho e condições de intubação orotraqueal

Priming dose of atracurium: measuring orbicularis oculi muscle fade and tracheal intubation conditions

Giovani de Figueiredo Locks; Maria Cristina Simões de Almeida

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000600003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n6, p.720-727, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O método da dose preparatória (priming principle) consiste na injeção de uma pequena dose do bloqueador neuromuscular, minutos antes da administração do restante da dose preconizada para intubação traqueal, para encurtar o início de ação dos bloqueadores neuromusculares (BNM) adespolarizantes. Existe, porém, possibilidade de fadiga muscular e broncoaspiração. De interesse especial para as manobras de intubação orotraqueal e proteção das vias aéreas, são os músculos da laringe. Como sua monitorização direta impõe dificuldades técnicas, foi demonstrado que o músculo orbicular do olho apresenta correlação com os músculos laríngeos quanto à sensibilidade aos BNM. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar se há fadiga do músculo orbicular ocular após o uso da dose preparatória de atracúrio e comparar as condições clínicas de intubação traqueal após dois intervalos entre as doses. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 35 pacientes adultos, estado físico ASA I ou II, sem fatores de risco para broncoaspiração, submetidos à cirurgia eletiva. Foi induzida anestesia geral com alfentanil e propofol e os pacientes foram ventilados manualmente sob máscara. Em seguida, foram posicionados os eletrodos para estimular o ramo temporal do nervo facial e o transdutor de aceleração no músculo orbicular do olho. Administrou-se a dose preparatória de atracúrio (0,02 mg.kg-1) e a relação T4/T1 foi avaliada a cada minuto durante 5 minutos em 20 casos (G1) e 7 minutos em 13 casos (G2). Após este intervalo, administrou-se a dose complementar de atracúrio (0,5 mg.kg-1) e procedeu-se a intubação orotraqueal após um minuto. Foi considerada fadiga clinicamente importante a relação T4/T1 inferior a 0,9. RESULTADOS: Nenhum paciente apresentou fadiga durante o intervalo de monitorização. Em 80% e 69% dos pacientes de G1 ou G2, respectivamente, as condições de intubação traqueal foram consideradas clinicamente aceitáveis (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A dose preparatória de atracúrio (0,02 mg.kg-1) não causa fadiga no músculo orbicular do olho e não há diferença entre aguardar 5 ou 7 minutos como intervalo entre as doses do bloqueador neuromuscular.

Palavras-chave

BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, INTUBAÇÃO TRAQUEAL, MONITORIZAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The priming principle consists of administering a low neuromuscular blocker dose, minutes before the total dose for tracheal intubation, to shorten non-depolarizing blockers onset. There is, however, the risk for muscle fade and bronchoaspiration. Laryngeal muscles are of especial interest for tracheal intubation maneuvers and airway protection. Since their direct monitoring imposes technical difficulties, it has been reported that orbicularis oculi correlates with laryngeal muscles in terms of sensitivity to neuromuscular blocks. This study aimed at evaluating the presence of orbicularis oculi muscle fade after priming atracurium dose and at comparing clinical tracheal intubation conditions after two priming dose intervals. METHODS: Participated in this study 35 adult patients, physical status ASA I or II, without risk factors for bronchoaspiration and submitted to elective surgeries. General anesthesia was induced with alfentanil and propofol and patients were manually ventilated under mask. Surface electrodes were then positioned on the temporal branch of the facial nerve, and the acceleration transducer was placed on the orbicularis oculi. Priming atracurium dose (0.02 mg.kg-1) was administered and T4/T1 ratio was evaluated every minute during 5 minutes in 20 cases (G1) and during 7 minutes in 13 cases (G2). After this interval, complementary atracurium dose (0.5 mg.kg-1) was administered and tracheal intubation was performed one minute later. Fade was defined as T4/T1 ratio below 0.9. RESULTS: There has been no fade in any patient during the monitoring interval. In 80% and 69% of G1 or G2 patients, respectively, tracheal intubation was classified as clinically acceptable (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Priming atracurium dose (0.02 mg.kg-1) does not determine orbicularis oculi fade and there is no difference between 5 or 7 minutes priming intervals.

Keywords

MONITORING, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, TRACHEAL INTUBATION

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