Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000500009
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Comportamento hemodinâmico e metabólico do choque hemorrágico: estudo experimental no cão

Hemorrhagic shock hemodynamic and metabolic behavior: experimental study in dogs

José Fernando Amaral Meletti; Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000500009 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n5, p.623-632, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Diversos modelos experimentais têm sido utilizados para ilustrar as alterações hemodinâmicas e metabólicas que ocorrem durante o choque hemorrágico. O objetivo da pesquisa é o de observar os comportamentos hemodinâmicos e metabólicos que acontecem em um modelo seqüencial e progressivo de choque hemorrágico no cão, verificando quais índices alteram-se mais precocemente. MÉTODO: O estudo foi realizado em 13 cães sob anestesia venosa total com pentobarbital sódico, em normoventilação e previamente esplenectomizados. Os animais não foram hidratados e a velocidade do sangramento foi ditada pela pressão arterial em que o animal se encontrava. Os atributos estudados foram divididos em hemodinâmicos (freqüência cardíaca - FC, pressão arterial média - PAM, índice de resistência vascular sistêmica - IRVS, índice sistólico - IS, índice cardíaco - IC, índice de choque - I.choque, índice de trabalho sistólico do ventrículo esquerdo - ITSVE, pressão capilar pulmonar - PCP, pressão venosa central - PVC) e metabólicos (saturação venosa mista - SvO2, pressão venosa de oxigênio - PvO2, transporte de oxigênio - DO2, consumo de oxigênio - VO2, extração de oxigênio - TEO2, lactato sérico). A coleta de dados e os atributos foram estudados em 6 momentos distintos, sendo M1, o momento controle e os outros momentos correspondentes a decréscimos gradativos de 10% da volemia calculada para cada animal. RESULTADOS: A hemorragia determinou diminuição significativa da FC somente em M6; queda da PAM, IC, IS e ITSVE a cada momento estudado; discreta alteração da PVC e PCP em cada momento; diminuição da PvO2 e da SvO2 nos momentos estudados; redução do DO2, estabilização do VO2 e elevação da TEO2 nos momentos; o índice de choque apresentou elevação até M3, diminuição em M4 e nova elevação até M6; o IRVS elevou-se até M6, ficou inalterado em M5 e apresentou diminuição significativa em M6; o lactato apresentou elevações a partir de M5 e M6. CONCLUSÕES: Considerou-se que a pressão arterial média, freqüência cardíaca, pressão venosa central e pressão capilar pulmonar não refletem o real estado volêmico dos cães no nosso modelo experimental e que o transporte, consumo e a taxa de extração de oxigênio são parâmetros úteis na determinação da reversibilidade e prognóstico do choque hemorrágico.

Palavras-chave

ANIMAL, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Different experimental models have been used to illustrate hemodynamic and metabolic changes during hemorrhagic shock. This study aimed at observing hemodynamic and metabolic behaviors during a sequential and progressive model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs to determine which indices are earlier changed. METHODS: The study involved 13 dogs under total intravenous anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital, standard ventilation and previously splenectomized. Animals were not hydrated and bleeding velocity was dictated by animals’ blood pressure. Evaluated parameters were: hemodynamic (heart rate - HR, mean blood pressure - MBP, systemic vascular resistance index - SVRI, stroke index - SI, cardiac index - CI, shock index - i.Shock, left ventricular stroke work index - LVSWI, pulmonary capillary pressure - PCP, central venous pressure - CVP); and metabolic (mixed venous saturation - SvO2, venous oxygen pressure - PvO2, oxygen transport - O2T, oxygen consumption - VO2, oxygen extraction - TEO2, serum lactate). Results and parameters were evaluated in 6 different moments: M1 - control, and the other moments corresponding to gradual 10% decrease in calculated volume for each animal. RESULTS: Hemorrhage has determined significant heart rate decrease in M6 only; MBP, CI, i.Shock, LVSWI decrease in all studied moments; mild CVP and PCP change in all moments; PVO2 and SVO2 decrease in all moments; O2T decrease, VO2 stabilization and TEO2 increase in all moments; shock index was increased from M1 to M3, was decreased in M4 and again increased until M6; SVRI was increased from M1 to M4, remained unchanged in M5 and has significantly decreased in M6; lactate has increased as from M5 and M6. CONCLUSIONS: Mean blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary pressure have not reflected real volume status of dogs in our experimental model, oxygen transport, consumption and extraction rate are useful parameters to determine hemorrhagic shock reversibility and prognosis.

Keywords

ANIMAL, COMPLICATIONS

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