Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000500004
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Baixas doses de bupivacaína hipobárica para raquianestesia unilateral

Low hypobaric bupivacaine doses for unilateral spinal anesthesia

Luiz Eduardo Imbelloni; Lúcia Beato; M A Gouveia

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000500004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n5, p.579-585, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Para evitar alterações hemodinâmicas, obter recuperação mais rápida e limitar a dispersão cefálica da raquianestesia apenas no membro operado foi realizado este estudo com bupivacaína a 0,15%, com objetivo de se obter raquianestesia unilateral. MÉTODO: Raquianestesia com 3,3 ml de bupivacaína hipobárica a 0,15% (5 mg) foi realizada através de agulha 27G Quincke em 20 pacientes estado físico ASA I e II submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas. A punção subaracnóidea foi realizada por via lateral com o paciente em decúbito lateral, com o membro a ser operado voltado para cima, e 3,3 ml de bupivacaína hipobárica foram injetados na velocidade de 1 ml a cada 15 segundos. Bloqueios sensitivo e motor (picada de agulha e escala de 0 a 3) foram comparados entre os lados a ser operado e o contralateral. RESULTADOS: Os bloqueios motor e sensitivo entre o lado operado e o contralateral foram significativamente diferentes em todos os tempos avaliados. Raquianestesia unilateral foi obtida em 75% dos pacientes. Estabilidade hemodinâmica foi observada em todos os pacientes. Nenhum paciente desenvolveu cefaléia pós-raquianestesia. CONCLUSÕES: A bupivacaína hipobárica a 0,15% na dose de 5 mg proporciona um predominante bloqueio unilateral. Vinte minutos são suficientes para a sua instalação. A principal vantagem da raquianestesia unilateral é a estabilidade hemodinâmica.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The possibility to achieve unilateral spinal anesthesia with 0.15% bupivacaine was studied with the purpose of minimizing hemodynamic changes, limiting the cephalad dispersion of the anesthetic and promoting a faster recovery. METHODS: Twenty ASA I - II patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries were given spinal 0.15% hypobaric bupivacaine through a 27G Quincke needle. Dural puncture was performed with patients in the lateral position, with the limb to be operated upwards, and 3.3 ml (5 mg) hypobaric bupivacaine were injected at the rate of 1 ml.15 s-1. Sensory and motor block (pinprick and 0 to 3 scale) were compared between operated and contralateral sides. RESULTS: Motor and sensory block in operated and contralateral sides were significantly different in all evaluated times. Unilateral spinal anesthesia was achieved in 75% of patients. All patients remained hemodynamically stable, and no one developed post-dural puncture headache. CONCLUSIONS: Hypobaric bupivacaine (5 mg) is able to provide a predominant unilateral block with the patient being kept twenty minutes in the lateral position. Major unilateral spinal anesthesia advantage is hemodynamic stability.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES

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