Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000500003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Raquianestesia para cesariana: estudo comparativo entre bupivacaína isobárica e hiperbárica associadas à morfina

Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: comparative study between isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine associated to morphine

José Francisco Nunes Pereira das Neves; Giovani Alves Monteiro; João Rosa de Almeida; Ademir Brun; Nivaldo Cazarin; Roberto Silva Sant´Anna; Evandro Soldate Duarte

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000500003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n5, p.573-578, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Preparações de bupivacaína com ou sem glicose são usadas com freqüência na prática clínica e o nível máximo de bloqueio é determinado pela dispersão do anestésico local no LCR. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a utilização de bupivacaína isobárica e hiperbárica em pacientes submetidas à raquianestesia para cesariana. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, aleatório e duplamente encoberto em que foram incluídas 60 pacientes submetidas à raquianestesia para cesariana e divididas em dois grupos: BI (bupivacaína isobárica a 0,5%, 12,5 mg) e BH (bupivacaína hiperbárica a 0,5%, 12,5 mg). Após monitorização, foi feita punção venosa e hidratação com solução de Ringer com lactato. A punção subaracnóidea foi feita no espaço L3-L4, via paramediana, com agulha de Quincke 27G e após gotejamento de LCR, foram injetados morfina (100 µg) e bupivacaína na velocidade de 1 ml. a cada 15 segundos, separadamente. Após o retorno à posição horizontal, foram anotados: tempo de latência (ausência de sensibilidade em L3) de 1 em 1 minuto, bloqueio sensitivo e motor após 20 minutos. Até o pinçamento do cordão umbilical, as pacientes eram mantidas em valores pressóricos semelhantes aos valores pré-anestésicos e, se necessário, era utilizada efedrina. Os recém-nascidos foram avaliados pelo método de Apgar no 1º e 5 º minutos. Após 120 minutos da injeção do anestésico local, na SRPA, eram avaliados os bloqueios sensitivo e motor. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos. Tempo de latência: Grupo BI (1’, 50") e BH (1’, 33"), sem diferença estatística. Os bloqueios sensitivo e motor, aos 20 minutos, não mostraram diferenças significativas. Consumo de efedrina: BI (11,83 mg) e BH (14,17 mg), sem diferença estatística. A avaliação estatística na SRPA mostrou diferença significativa para bloqueio motor. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo permitiu concluir que a bupivacaína isobárica e hiperbárica em doses de 12,5 mg, associadas à morfina (100 µg) em raquianestesia para cesariana em gestante a termo, são eficientes e apresentam perfis semelhantes.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, CIRURGIA, CIRURGIA, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bupivacaine preparations, plain or with glucose, are frequently used in the clinical practice. Blockade upper level is determined by local anesthetic spread in the CSF. This study aimed at comparing isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients submitted to spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized and double-blind study 60 patients submitted to spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section were distributed in two groups: IB - (0.5% isobaric bupivacaine, 12.5 mg) and HB - (0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, 12.5 mg). After monitoring, venous puncture was performed followed by hydration with lactated Ringer’s solution. Spinal puncture was paramedially performed at L3-L4 interspace with 27G Quincke needle. Following the CSF dripping, morphine (100 µg) and bupivacaine were separately injected at the speed of 1 ml.15 s-1. With the patient back to supine position, two parameters were recorded: onset time (absence of sensitivity in L3) at 1-minute intervals as well as motor and sensory block after 20 minutes. All patients were kept with preanesthetic blood pressure levels until umbilical cord clamping, and if necessary, ephedrine was administered. Neonates were evaluated by Apgar’s score at 1 and 5 minutes. Sensory and motor blocks were also evaluated at PACU 120 minutes after local anesthetic injection. RESULTS: Groups were homogeneous. Onset time: Group IB (1’, 50") and HB (1’,33"), with no statistical difference. Motor and sensory block at twenty minutes showed no significant difference. Ephedrine consumption: IB (11.83 mg) and HB (14.17 mg), showed also no statistical difference. PACU motor block evaluation showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that 12.5 mg isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine associated to morphine (100 µg) in spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section in term pregnant women are effective and present similar profiles.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, SURGERY, SURGERY

References

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