Xenônio: farmacologia e uso clínico

Florentino Fernandes Mendes; Marcos Emanuel Wortmann Gomes

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942003000400013

Review Article

Xenônio: farmacologia e uso clínico

Xenon: pharmacology and clinical use

Florentino Fernandes Mendes; Marcos Emanuel Wortmann Gomes

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000400013 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n4, p.535-542, 2003

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O Xenônio é um gás incolor, inodoro, inerte, não irritante, não poluente, não explosivo, estável, com baixo coeficiente de solubilidade e com propriedades anestésicas. O objetivo desta revisão é mostrar alguns aspectos farmacológicos e o emprego clínico do xenônio em anestesia. CONTEÚDO: O xenônio é um gás extremamente raro. Possui CAM de 0,63 a 0,71, CAM-acordado de 0,32 ± 5% e coeficiente de solubilidade sangue-gás de 0,14, resultando em indução anestésica rápida, agradável e bem tolerada, assim como recuperação 2 a 3 vezes mais rápida do que outros agentes. Possui efeitos analgésicos benéficos e mínimos efeitos cardiovasculares. Pode aumentar a resistência pulmonar e ocasionar o efeito do 2º gás, porém menos importante do que o N2O. Determina um aumento do fluxo cerebral, pressão intracraniana e pressão de perfusão cerebral. O xenônio pode prevenir a estimulação da medula supra-renal. CONCLUSÕES: As propriedades anestésicas do xenônio lhe conferem vantagens consideráveis em relação a outros agentes inalatórios para a utilização em anestesia. Entretanto, seu alto custo de produção torna-o proibitivo em relação às outras técnicas existentes. Estudos estão sendo realizados a fim de desenvolver um método mais econômico para utilização deste agente.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Xenon is a colorless, odorless, inert, non-irritating, non-pollutant, non-explosive, stable gas with low solubility coefficient and anesthetic properties. This review aimed at describing some pharmacological aspects and the clinical use of xenon in anesthesia. CONTENTS: Xenon is an extremely rare gas with MAC of 0.63 to 0.71, MAC-awaken of 0.32 ± 5% and solubility coefficient of 0.14, providing fast, pleasant and well tolerated anesthetic induction, as well as 2 to 3 times faster recovery as compared to other agents. It has beneficial analgesic and minimal cardiovascular effects. Xenon may increase pulmonary resistance and produce the second gas effect, although not as important as N2O. It increases brain flow, intra-cranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Xenon is able to prevent adrenal gland stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Xenon anesthetic properties grant it considerable advantages over other inhalational agents used in anesthesia. However, its high production costs make it prohibitive as compared to other existing techniques. New studies are being conducted with the aim of developing a more cost-effective method for using this gas.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS

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Xenônio: farmacologia e uso clínico

Xenon: pharmacology and clinical use

Florentino Fernandes Mendes; Marcos Emanuel Wortmann Gomes

Resumo

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Abstract

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References

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