Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000300007
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Variação da pressão sistólica como indicadora precoce de hipovolemia e guia de reposição volêmica com solução hiperosmótica e hiperoncótica no cão

Systolic pressure variation as an earlier hypovolemia indicator and a guide for volume replacement with hypertonic and hyperoncotic solution in dogs

Odilar de Paiva Filho; José Reinaldo Cerqueira Braz; Fredson de Paula e Silva; Tiago Otávio Pedro; Paulo do Nascimento Júnior

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000300007 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n3, p.361-376, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Estudos introduziram novo método para avaliação da pré-carga, baseado na análise da variação da pressão sistólica (VPS) durante ventilação artificial. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar se a VPS e sua derivada delta down (ddown) são indicadoras precoces de hipovolemia e guias de reposição volêmica com solução hiperosmótica e hiperoncótica. MÉTODO: Doze cães foram submetidos a sangramentos parciais de 5% da volemia até se atingir 20% da volemia (14 ml.kg-1). Antes (controle) e após cada sangramento foram realizadas análises hemodinâmicas, respiratórias e sangüíneas. Após, os cães foram submetidos à reposição com solução de NaCl a 7,5% em dextran 70 a 3,75% (SHD) (4 ml.kg-1) e novas análises dos atributos estudados foram realizadas aos 5 e 30 minutos após a reposição. RESULTADOS: A pressão arterial média diminuiu durante o sangramento e aumentou após a reposição, sem retornar aos valores do controle. As pressões da artéria pulmonar e do átrio direito (PAD) diminuíram antes e aumentaram após a reposição para valores semelhantes aos do controle. A pressão da artéria pulmonar ocluída (PAPO) diminuiu após o primeiro sangramento e manteve-se em valores abaixo aos do controle, mesmo após a reposição. O índice cardíaco não se alterou, mas aumentou após a reposição, para valores superiores aos do controle. O índice sistólico (IS) diminuiu antes e aumentou após a reposição, em níveis superiores aos do controle. Os índices de resistência vascular sistêmica (IRVS) e pulmonar (IRVP) não se alteraram antes, mas diminuíram após a reposição, com o IRVS em níveis inferiores aos do controle, e o IRVP em níveis semelhantes aos do controle. Os índices de trabalho sistólico dos ventrículos direito (ITSVD) e esquerdo (ITSVE) diminuíram durante o sangramento, mas aumentaram após a reposição, com o ITSVD em níveis superiores aos do controle e o ITSVE em níveis semelhantes aos do controle. A VPS e ddown aumentaram progressivamente durante o sangramento e diminuíram após a reposição, mas mantendo-se em valores superiores aos do controle. As maiores correlações de VPS e ddown foram com IS, PAPO, PAD e ITSVE. CONCLUSÕES: No cão, nas condições empregadas, a VPS e sua derivada ddown são indicadoras precoces de hipovolemia e guias sensíveis de reposição volêmica com SHD.

Palavras-chave

ANIMAL, REPOSIÇÃO VOLÊMICA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies have introduced a new method for preload evaluation based on systolic pressure variation analysis (SPV) during mechanical ventilation. This research aimed at evaluating whether SPV and its delta down derived (ddown) are earlier hypovolemia indicators and guides for volume replacement with hypertonic and hyperoncotic solutions. METHODS: Twelve dogs were submitted to graded hemorrhage of 5% of their volume until reaching 20% of volume (14 ml.kg-1). Before (control) and after every hemorrhage, hemodynamic, ventilatory and blood parameters were evaluated. Then, dogs were submitted to volume replacement with 7.5% NaCl in 3.75% dextran 70 (SHD) (4 ml.kg-1), and the parameters were again evaluated 5 and 30 minutes after volume replacement. RESULTS: Mean blood pressure decreased during hemorrhage and increased after SHD infusion, however without returning to baseline values. Right atrium (RAP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) decreased before and increased after volume replacement reaching values similar to baseline. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) decreased after the first hemorrhage and remained below baseline values even after volume replacement. Cardiac index has not changed, but increased after SHD infusion reaching values above baseline. Stroke volume index (SVI) decreased before, and increased after volume replacement reaching values above baseline. Systemic vascular and pulmonary resistance did not change during hemorrhage, but decreased after volume replacement, with SVRI remaining below baseline values and SVPRI in levels similar to baseline. Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) decreased before and increased after SHD infusion, with RVSWI remaining above baseline values and LVSWI in levels similar to baseline. SPV and ddown progressively increased during hemorrhage and decreased after volume replacement, however remaining above baseline values. Major SPV and ddown correlations were found with SVI, PWCP, RAP, PAP and LVSWI. CONCLUSIONS: In dogs under our experimental conditions, SPV and its derived ddown are early hypovolemia indicators and sensitive guides for volume replacement with hypertonic and hyperoncotic solutions.

Keywords

ANIMAL, VOLUME REPLACEMENT

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