Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000300006
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Artigo Científico

Efeitos da administração subaracnóidea de grandes volumes de lidocaína a 2% e ropivacaína a 1% sobre a medula espinhal e as meninges: estudo experimental em cães

Effects of spinal administration of large volumes of 2% lidocaine and 1% ropivacaine on spinal cord and meninges: experimental study in dogs

Eliana Marisa Ganem; Pedro Thadeu Galvão Vianna; Mariângela Marques; Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia; Luiz Antonio Vane

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000300006 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n3, p.351-360, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A injeção de grandes volumes de anestésico local no espaço subaracnóideo, após punção dural acidental, é complicação da anestesia peridural. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as possíveis alterações clínicas e histológicas desencadeadas por grandes volumes de lidocaína a 2% e ropivacaína a 1%, simulando injeção subaracnóidea acidental, em cães. MÉTODO: Vinte e um cães foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos, que receberam por via subaracnóidea: G1 - cloreto de sódio a 0,9%; G2 - lidocaína a 2% e G3 - ropivacaína a 1%. A punção subaracnóidea foi realizada no espaço intervertebral L6-L7. O volume de anestésico local administrado foi de 1 ml para cada 10 cm de distância entre a protuberância occipital e o espaço lombossacral (5 - 6,6 ml). Após 72 horas de observação clínica os animais foram sacrificados e foi removida a porção lombossacral da medula para exame histológico, por microscopia óptica. RESULTADOS: Nenhum animal do G1 apresentou alterações clínicas ou histológicas da medula espinhal. Foram observados dois casos de necrose do tecido nervoso em G2, porém mudanças clínicas, em somente um desses cães e em outros dois animais que não apresentaram alterações histológicas. Foi encontrada necrose focal do tecido nervoso medular em um animal de G3. Todos os animais de G3 permaneceram clinicamente normais. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que grandes volumes de lidocaína a 2% determinaram alterações clínicas e histológicas mais intensas que os de ropivacaína a 1%.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, ANIMAL, COMPLICAÇÕES, COMPLICAÇÕES, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal injection of large local anesthetic volumes after accidental dural puncture is an epidural anesthesia complication. This study aimed at investigating potential clinical and histological changes triggered by large volumes of 2% lidocaine or 1% ropivacaine in a simulated accidental spinal injection in dogs. METHODS: Twenty one dogs were randomly allocated into three experimental groups, which received spinal injections of: G1 - 0.9% sodium chloride, G2 - 2% lidocaine, G3 - 1% ropivacaine. Spinal puncture was performed in L6-L7 interspace. Anesthetic volume was 1 ml per 10 cm-distance between the occipital protuberance and the lumbosacral space (5 - 6.6 ml). After 72 hours of clinical observation animals were sacrificed and their spinal cords were removed for histological examination under light microscopy. RESULTS: No G1 animal presented clinical or histological changes in the spinal cord. There were two cases of nervous tissue necrosis in G2, however clinical changes were only observed in one of these dogs and in two other dogs which had no histological changes. There has been focal necrosis in the spinal cord nervous tissue of one G3 animal. All G3 animals remained clinically normal. CONCLUSIONS: Large volumes of 2% lidocaine have determined more intensive clinical and histological changes as compared to 1% ropivacaine.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANIMAL, COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS

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