Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000300001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Eletroencefalograma processado em crianças anestesiadas com sevoflurano. É possível?

Processed electroencephalogram in children anesthetized with sevoflurane. Is it feasible?

Rogean Rodrigues Nunes; Sara Lúcia Cavalcante; Alberto Esteves Gemal; Domingos Gerson de Sabóia Amorim

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000300001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n3, p.307-321, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O índice bispectral (BIS) tem sido indicado como um substrato importante na mensuração do efeito hipnótico de drogas anestésicas. No entanto, existem apenas dados limitados do uso do EEG em crianças durante anestesia. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar, em crianças, as mudanças no BIS, SEF95%, amplitude relativa na banda de freqüência delta (d%) e taxa de supressão de surtos (TS), correlacionando com variáveis farmacodinâmicas do sevoflurano (CE e CE/CAM), comparando-as com o adulto. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo, 100 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 0 e 40 anos, estado físico ASA I e II. Todos os pacientes foram induzidos com sevoflurano, sendo utilizado bloqueador neuromuscular quando o BIS atingiu 30, sendo estratificados em 5 grupos: GI (20) - idade entre 0 e 6 meses; GII (20) - idade > 6 meses até 2 anos; GIII (20) - idade > 2 anos até 12 anos; GIV (20) - idade > 12 anos até 18 anos e GV (20) - idade > 18 anos até 40 anos. Em cada grupo, 5 momentos foram avaliados: M1 (alerta); M2 (BIS 60); M3 (BIS 50); M4 (BIS 40) e M5 (despertar), sendo, em todos os momentos, anotados os seguintes parâmetros: PAS, PAD, FC, BIS, SEF95%, d%, taxa de supressão de surtos, CE e CE/CAM. RESULTADOS: Os valores de BIS e SEF95% apresentaram correlação direta com a CE/CAM do sevoflurano a valores de BIS de 40, 50, 60 e despertar, respeitando-se a CAM para idade p > 0,05). A d%, no GI, apresentou valores superiores a todos os outros grupos, nos cinco momentos (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O BIS e SEF95% podem ser utilizados na monitorização da profundidade da anestesia com sevoflurano em crianças de 0 a 12 anos observando-se os mesmos parâmetros sugeridos para adultos. O mesmo não acontece com a d%, a qual mostrou variações dependentes, provavelmente, da maturação cerebral.

Palavras-chave

ANESTESIA, ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, MONITORIZAÇÃO, MONITORIZAÇÃO, MONITORIZAÇÃO, MONITORIZAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: EEG-derived bispectral index (BIS), has been indicated as a major substrate for measuring hypnotic effects of anesthetic drugs. However, there are only limited data on the use of EEG in anesthetized children. This study aimed at evaluating changes in BIS, SEF95%, relative delta band frequency amplitude (d%) and suppression rate (SR) in children, correlating these changes with sevoflurane pharmacodynamic variables (EC and EC/MAC) as compared to adults. METHODS: Participated in this study 100 patients of both genders, aged 0 to 40 years, physical status ASA I and II. All patients were induced with sevoflurane followed by neuromuscular blocker at BIS 30. Patients were distributed in 5 groups: GI (20) - 0 to 6 months; GII (20) > 6 months to 2 years; GIII (20) > 2 to 12 years; GIV (20) > 12 to 18 years and GV (20) > 18 to 40 years. Five moments were evaluated for each group: M1 (awaken); M2 (BIS 60); M3 (BIS 50); M4 (BIS 40) and M5 (emergence). The following parameters were recorded for all moments: SBP, DBP, HR, BIS, SEF95%, d%, suppression rate, EC and EC/MAC. RESULTS: Both BIS and SEF95% values for all age groups directly correlated to sevoflurane’s EC/MAC at BIS values of 40, 50, 60 and at emergence, considering MAC values for age (p > 0.05). d% values in GI were higher than in any other group during all five moments (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unlike d%, the variations of which seem brain maturation-related, BIS and SEF95% may be used to monitor sevoflurane’s anesthetic depth in children aged 0 to 12 years, observing the parameters suggested for adults.

Keywords

ANESTHESIA, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, MONITORING, MONITORING, MONITORING, MONITORING

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