Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000200008
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Informação Clínica

Anestesia subdural após punção peridural: relato de dois casos

Subdural anesthesia after epidural puncture: two case reports

Carlos Escobar Vásquez; Tomio Tomita; Antonio Bedin; Renato Almeida Couto de Castro

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000200008 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n2, p.209-213, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Anestesias condutivas peridurais são realizadas amplamente no nosso meio. A anestesia subdural acidental após punção peridural é uma complicação rara. O objetivo deste relato é descrever dois casos de injeção subdural que coincidentemente ocorreram de forma consecutiva realizadas pelo mesmo anestesiologista. RELATO DOS CASOS: Caso 1: Paciente do sexo masculino, 41 anos, estado físico ASA I, a realizar procedimento cirúrgico de retirada de cálculo renal. Optou-se por anestesia peridural. Após 30 minutos do início da anestesia, o paciente mantinha-se comunicativo mas sonolento com SpO2 de 100%, quando lentamente começou a apresentar diminuição da SpO2 chegando a 80%. Apresentava-se inconsciente com apnéia e anisocoria. A partir deste momento foi levantada hipótese diagnóstica de anestesia subdural acidental. O paciente foi então intubado e mantido em ventilação controlada mecânica. Terminada a cirurgia, foi encaminhado para a sala de recuperação, recebendo alta após 6 horas, sem nenhuma alteração clínico-neurológica. Caso 2: Paciente do sexo feminino, 82 anos, estado físico ASA II, programado para procedimento cirúrgico de fixação de fratura transtrocanteriana. Optou-se por anestesia peridural contínua. Assim como no caso anterior, após 30 minutos, a paciente começou a apresentar diminuição da SpO2 para 90%. Mostrava-se inconsciente e com anisocoria; entretanto, sem apnéia. Optou-se por manter a paciente sob vigilância constante, não sendo necessária intubação. A hipótese diagnóstica aventada também neste caso foi de anestesia subdural acidental. Terminada a cirurgia, a paciente foi encaminhada à sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, tendo alta após 4 horas, sem nenhuma alteração clínico-neurológica. CONCLUSÕES: Anestesia subdural acidental é uma complicação extremamente rara. A hipótese diagnóstica de anestesia subdural acidental, nestes casos, limitou-se aos dados clínicos. As complicações do bloqueio subdural podem ser das mais variadas, mas na sua grande maioria são de fácil resolução, desde que sejam diagnosticadas e tratadas rapidamente.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural anesthesia is a widely used procedure nowadays. Accidental subdural anesthesia after epidural puncture is an uncommon complication. This report aimed at describing two cases of subdural injection which coincidentally have happened in consecutive anesthesias induced by the same anesthesiologist. CASE REPORTS: Case 1: Male patient, 41 years old, physical status ASA I, submitted to surgical ureteral calculi removal. Our choice was epidural anesthesia. Thirty minutes after beginning of induction, patient was communicative but sleepy with 100% SpO2, when he slowly began to show oxygen saturation decrease reaching 80% SpO2. Patient was unconscious with apnea and anisocoria. At this moment the diagnostic hypothesis was accidental subdural anesthesia. Patient was then intubated and maintained under mechanically controlled ventilation. After surgery, patient was referred to the recovery room and was discharged 6 hours after without any neurological complications. Case 2: Female patient, 82 years old, physical status ASA II, submitted to surgical proximal femur fracture fixation. Our choice in this case was continuous epidural anesthesia. Similar to the previous case, 30 minutes after she began to show SpO2 decrease, reaching 90%. Patient was uncons- cious with anisocoria, however without apnea. We decided to maintain the patient under constant surveillance and intubation was considered unnecessary. Our diagnostic hypothesis in this case was also accidental subdural anesthesia. At surgery completion patient was referred to the recovery room and was discharged 4 hours after without any neurological complication. CONCLUSIONS: Accidental subdural anesthesia is a very uncommon complication. The diagnostic hypothesis, in our cases, was limited to clinical data. There are several subdural blockade complications, but most of the times they are easily managed, provided they are promptly diagnosed and treated.

Keywords

ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, COMPLICATIONS

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