Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000100014
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Artigo de Revisão

Avaliação pré-operatória do pneumopata

Preoperative assessment of lung disease patients

Gilson Ramos; José Ramos Filho; Edísio Pereira; Marcos Junqueira; Carlos Henrique C. Assis

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000100014 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n1, p.114-126, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As complicações pulmonares são as causas mais freqüentes de morbimortalidade pós-operatória, especialmente nos pneumopatas. Por essa razão, esses pacientes devem ser criteriosamente avaliados e preparados no pré-operatório, tanto do ponto de vista clínico como laboratorial. O objetivo da presente revisão é determinar o risco cirúrgico e estabelecer condutas pré-operatórias para minimizar a morbimortalidade per e pós-operatórias, nos portadores de doenças respiratórias. CONTEÚDO: As principais repercussões do ato anestésico-cirúrgico na função pulmonar foram relatadas. Da mesma forma, procurou-se selecionar os pacientes de maior risco, envolvidos ou não em ressecção pulmonar. Para esse fim, utilizou-se da propedêutica clínica e laboratorial. Finalmente, foi apresentada uma proposta de algoritmo pré-operatório para os procedimentos com ressecção pulmonar. CONCLUSÕES: O portador de doença respiratória, especialmente as de evolução crônica, necessita ser rigorosamente avaliado no pré-operatório. A classificação do estado físico (ASA) e o índice de Goldman são fatores de previsão de risco importantes nos pneumopatas não-candidatos à ressecção pulmonar. Somando-se a esses critérios, nos candidatos à ressecção pulmonar, o VO2 max, o VEF1e capacidade de difusão estimados para o pós-operatório, são imprescindíveis, em algumas situações. Os beta2-agonistas e corticóides devem ser considerados nos pré-operatórios desses pacientes.

Palavras-chave

AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ-OPERATÓRIA, DOENÇA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lung complications are the most frequent causes of postoperative morbidity-mortality, especially in lung disease patients. So, those patients should be preoperatively carefully evaluated and prepared, both clinically and laboratorially. This review aimed at determining surgical risk and at establishing preoperative procedures to minimize peri and postoperative morbidity-mortality in lung disease patients. CONTENTS: Major anesthetic-surgical repercussions in lung function have already been described. Similarly, we tried to select higher-risk patients, submitted or not to lung resection. To that end, clinical and laboratorial propedeutics were used. Finally, a proposal of a preoperative algorithm was presented for procedures with lung resection. CONCLUSIONS: Lung disease patients, especially those with chronic evolution, need to be preoperatively thoroughly evaluated. ASA physical status and Goldman’s cardiac index are important risk forecasting factors for lung disease patients not candidates for lung resection. Adding to these criteria, estimated postoperative max VO2, FEV1 and diffusion capacity are mandatory for some patients submitted to lung resection. beta2-agonists and steroids should be considered in the preoperative period of these patients.

Keywords

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION, DISEASE

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