Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000100010
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Artigos Diversos

Considerações sobre analgesia controlada pelo paciente em hospital universitário

Patient controlled analgesia in a university hospital

Guilherme Antônio Moreira de Barros; Lino Lemonica

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000100010 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n1, p.69-82, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O rápido progresso obtido nas técnicas cirúrgicas e anestésicas nos últimos anos proporcionou extraordinário aumento das indicações de procedimentos invasivos. Por outro lado, com o envelhecimento da população, o período de recuperação pós-operatória passou a ser motivo de maior preocupação da equipe de saúde. Para tanto, novas técnicas de analgesia foram criadas e desenvolvidas e, dentre elas, destaca-se a Analgesia Controlada pelo Paciente (ACP). Em nosso país, o Serviço de Dor Aguda (SEDA) da Disciplina de Terapia Antálgica e Cuidados Paliativos, do Departamento de Anestesiologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, utiliza há muitos anos esta técnica de analgesia. Com a finalidade de atestar a qualidade do serviço prestado, a pesquisa objetiva verificar a eficácia e segurança do método, assim como identificar e caracterizar a população atendida. MÉTODO: De modo retrospectivo, foram avaliados 679 pacientes tratados pelo SEDA, exclusivamente com o método de ACP, durante três anos. Os pacientes foram incluídos na análise aleatoriamente, sem restrições quanto à idade, ao sexo, ao tipo de cirurgia e considerando-se unicamente a possibilidade de indicação da ACP. Foram estudados os seguintes atributos: sexo, idade, tipo de cirurgia, intensidade da dor, dias de acompanhamento, analgésicos utilizados, vias de administração, ocorrência de efeitos colaterais e complicações da técnica. RESULTADOS: 3,96% dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgias e 1,64% dos internados no período observado foram acompanhados com técnica ACP. A cirurgia torácica foi a mais freqüentemente atendida, com 25% dos pacientes. A morfina foi o medicamento mais utilizado (54,2%), sendo a via peridural a preferencial (49,5%). A escala numérica verbal média foi de 0,8 (0-10). Os efeitos colaterais ocorreram em 22,4% dos doentes tratados. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados foram considerados excelentes quanto à qualidade da analgesia, embora com ocorrência de efeitos colaterais indesejáveis, tendo havido boa aceitação da técnica de analgesia pelas clínicas atendidas.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, ANALGESIA, DOR

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rapid development seen in recent years in surgical and anesthetic techniques allowed for an increased indication of invasive procedures. At the same time, with the aging of the population, the postoperative recovery period became the focus of major concern for the healthcare team. For such, new analgesic techniques were developed, among them, Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA). In Brazil, the Acute Pain Service (SEDA) of the Anesthesiology Department, Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, has been using PCA for many years. Aiming at verifying the quality of the service provided, this research has evaluated the efficacy and safety of the technique, in addition to identifying and characterizing patients submitted to PCA. METHODS: Participated in this retrospective study 679 patients treated by SEDA with the PCA method only, during a 3-year period. Patients were randomly included in the study with no restrictions concerning age, gender and type of surgery, considering only the possibility of PCA. The following parameters were evaluated: gender, age, type of surgery, pain score, treatment duration, analgesic drugs used, administration route, side effects and complications. RESULTS: The PCA technique was used in 3.96% of patients submitted to surgical procedures and in 1.64% of all hospitalized patients. Thoracic surgeries were the most frequent procedures and accounted for 25% of patients. Morphine was the most commonly used analgesics (54.2%) and the epidural route was the most frequent route of administration. Mean verbal numeric scale was 0.8 (0-10), and side effects were present in 22.4% of treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Results were considered excellent in terms of quality of analgesia, although with the incidence of some side effects. The PCA technique was widely accepted by the medical specialties of the hospital.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, ANALGESIA, PAIN

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