Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942003000100001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Avaliação dos parâmetros derivados do eletroencefalograma durante administração de diferentes concentrações de óxido nitroso

Evaluation of electroencephalographic parameters during the administration of different nitrous oxide concentrations

Sara Lúcia Cavalcante; Rogean Rodrigues Nunes

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000100001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n1, p.1-8, 2003
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A análise espectral do eletroencefalograma vem sendo usada como medida da profundidade anestésica, nível de hipnose e sedação de diversos agentes anestésicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do N2O sobre os parâmetros derivados do eletroencefalograma, nível de sedação pela Escala Analógica de Alerta e Sedação (EAS), variáveis hemodinâmicas e ventilatórias. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 30 pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, estado físico ASA I, com idades entre 20 e 40 anos, que se submeteram ao seguinte protocolo: respirar espontaneamente e relaxar de olhos fechados durante dez minutos, sendo coletados dados em três momentos: M1 - antes da oferta de N2O; M2 - N2O a 30% em O2; M3 - N2O a 50% em O2. A coleta dos dados de M2 e M3 foi realizada após quinze minutos da estabilização das frações expiradas de N2O (FeN2O) em 30% e 50% respectivamente, com o tempo de 5 minutos entre as frações. Os parâmetros estudados foram os seguintes: eletroencefalográficos: BIS, SEF1, SEF2, potência total (PT) e taxa de supressão (TS); hemodinâmicos: freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD); ventilatórios: SpO2, P ET CO2, ventilação minuto e freqüência respiratória; clínicos: os pacientes foram classificados numericamente em ordem decrescente (5, 4, 3, 2 e 1) quanto ao seu estado de alerta, pela EAS. RESULTADOS: O N2O a 30% e a 50% modificou estatisticamente o BIS, SEF1, SEF2, PT e o grau de sedação pela EAS, ao longo dos momentos estudados. Não foram observadas modificações clinicamente importantes, pois todos os pacientes mostraram-se cooperativos e levemente sedados, apesar das variações do SEF1 e SEF2 indicarem valores compatíveis com estágio de hipnose profunda. As variações estatísticas nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e ventilatórios não foram clinicamente significativas. CONCLUSÕES: O N2O a 30% e a 50%, em pacientes sem medicação pré-anestésica, induzem a um leve estado de sedação avaliado pela EAS, havendo correspondência com o BIS, o mesmo não ocorrendo com SEF1 e SEF2.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, MONITORIZAÇÃO, MONITORIZAÇÃO, MONITORIZAÇÃO, MONITORIZAÇÃO, MONITORIZAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spectral electroencephalography has been used to measure anesthetic depth, hypnosis and sedation levels induced by different anesthetic agents. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of N2O on electroencephalographic (EEG) variables and sedation levels according to Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) scale, as well as on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters. METHODS: Thirty adult patients from both genders, physical status ASA I, aged 20 and 40 years, were submitted to the following protocol: after 10 minutes of relaxation, spontaneously breathing with eyes close, patients were given 30% and 50% N2O concentrations under face mask. Data were collected in three moments: M1- before N2O administration; M2 - 30% N2O in O2; M3 - 50% N2O in O2. Data for M2 and M3 were collected 15 minutes after stabilization of 30% and 50% N2O expired fractions (FeN2O), respectively, with a 5-minute interval between fractions. The following parameters were evaluated: electroencephalographic: BIS, SEF1, SEF2, power energy (PE) and burst suppression (BS); hemodynamic: heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP); respiratory: oxygen hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), carbon dioxide expired pressure (P ET CO2), minute ventilation and respiratory rate; clinical: patients were rated in a descending order (5, 4, 3, 2 and 1) according to OAA/S scale. RESULTS: N2O administrated at 30% and 50% concentrations has statistically changed BIS, SEF1, SEF2, PE and OAA/S level of sedation in the studied moments. No clinically important changes were observed, as all patients were cooperative and slightly sedated, though SEF1 and SEF2 indications of deep hypnosis. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: N2O at 30% and 50% concentrations in non-premedicated patients has induced mild sedation according to OAA/S scale. There has been correspondence with BIS, but not with SEF1 and SEF2.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, MONITORING, MONITORING, MONITORING, MONITORING, MONITORING

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