Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000600003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Artigo Científico

Influência do propofol e do etomidato no bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo rocurônio: avaliação pela aceleromiografia

Influence of propofol and etomidate on rocuronium-induced euromuscular block: evaluation with acceleromyography

Derli Conceição Munhoz; Angélica de Fátima de Assunção Braga; Glória Maria Braga Potério

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942002000600003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.52, n6, p.673-680, 2002
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Alguns hipnóticos podem interagir com os bloqueadores neuromusculares (BNM) potencializando seus efeitos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do propofol e do etomidato sobre o bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo rocurônio. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos no estudo 60 pacientes, estado físico ASA I e II, submetidos a cirurgias eletivas sob anestesia geral, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com o hipnótico empregado: Grupo I (propofol) e Grupo II (etomidato). Todos os pacientes receberam midazolam (0,1 mg.kg-1) por via muscular como medicação pré-anestésica, 30 minutos antes da cirurgia. A indução anestésica foi obtida com propofol (2,5 mg.kg-1) ou etomidato (0,3 mg.kg-1) precedido de alfentanil (50 µg.kg-1) e seguido de rocurônio (0,6 mg.kg-1). Os pacientes foram ventilados sob máscara com oxigênio a 100% até a obtenção de redução de 75% ou mais na amplitude da resposta do músculo adutor do polegar, quando foram realizadas as manobras de laringoscopia e intubação traqueal. A função neuromuscular foi monitorizada com aceleromiografia. Foram avaliados: tempo de início de ação do rocurônio (T1 <= 25%); tempo para instalação do bloqueio neuromuscular total; grau de bloqueio neuromuscular no momento da intubação traqueal; condições de intubação traqueal e repercussões hemodinâmicas. RESULTADOS: Os tempos de início de ação e instalação de bloqueio neuromuscular total (segundos) produzido pelo rocurônio foram: Grupo I (48,20 ± 10,85 s e 58,87 ± 10,73 s) e Grupo II (51,20 ± 13,80 s e 64,27 ± 18,55 s). O grau de bloqueio neuromuscular no momento da intubação traqueal foi: Grupo I (77,50%) e Grupo II (76,96%). As condições de intubação traqueal foram satisfatórias em 100% dos pacientes do Grupo I e em 83,33% no Grupo II. Nos dois grupos, após a injeção do hipnótico, observou-se diminuição significativa da pressão arterial média seguida de elevação. CONCLUSÕES: O propofol e o etomidato comportaram-se de maneira semelhante em relação à instalação do bloqueio neuromuscular e às condições de intubação traqueal produzidos pelo rocurônio.

Palavras-chave

BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, HIPNÓTICOS, HIPNÓTICOS, TÉCNICAS DE MEDIÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some hypnotics may interact with neuromuscular blockers and potentiate their effects. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of propofol and etomidate on rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. METHODS: Participated in this study 60 patients, physical status ASA I and II, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia, who were randomly distributed in two groups according to the hypnotic drug: Group I (propofol) and Group II (etomidate). All patients were premedicated with intramuscular midazolam (0.1 mg.kg-1), 30 minutes before surgery. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2.5 mg.kg-1) or etomidate (0.3 mg.kg-1) preceded by alfentanil (50 µg.kg-1) and followed by rocuronium (0.6 mg.kg-1). Patients were ventilated under mask with 100% oxygen until achieving a decrease of 75% or more in the adductor pollicis muscle response amplitude. Neuromuscular function was monitored by accelerometry. The following parameters were evaluated: rocuronium onset (T1 <= 25%); time for complete neuromuscular block; neuromuscular block degree at tracheal intubation; tracheal intubation conditions and hemodynamic effects. RESULTS: Complete rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block onset times (in seconds) were: Group I (48.20 ± 10.85 s and 58.87 ± 10.73 s) and Group II (51.20 ± 13.80 s and 64.27 ± 18.55 s). Neuromuscular block degree at tracheal intubation was: Group I (77.50%) and Group II (76.96%). Tracheal intubation conditions were satisfactory in 100% of Group I patients and in 83.33% of Group II patients. There has been a significant decrease in mean blood pressure, followed by an increase after hypnotic injection, in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol and etomidate had a similar behavior regarding time for rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block and tracheal intubation conditions.

Keywords

HYPNOTICS, HYPNOTICS, MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS

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