Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000500012
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Miscellaneous

Dexmedetomidina: farmacologia e uso clínico

Dexmedetomidine: pharmacology and clinical application

Airton Bagatini; Cláudio Roberto Gomes; Marcelo Zanettini Masella; Gabrielle Rezer

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dexmedetomidina é o mais recente agonista alfa2-adrenérgico em uso clínico. Apresenta rápido início de ação sendo metabolizado no fígado e excretado principalmente pela urina. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar as características farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas da dexmedetomidina e sua aplicação clínica em cirurgias. CONTEÚDO: São apresentadas as características farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas da dexmedetomidina, comparando-as com a de outras drogas agonistas alfa2-adrenérgicas, que têm como protótipo do grupo a clonidina. São comentados resultados de trabalhos realizados em cirurgias cardíacas, vasculares, neurológicas e ginecológicas. CONCLUSÕES: A dexmedetomidina mostrou ser uma droga inovadora no que diz respeito à sedação e analgesia. Destacam-se como qualidades principais da droga um rápido início de ação e a capacidade de permitir rápida titulação, podendo deste modo variar a profundidade da sedação e da analgesia. Além disso, oferece sinergismo com as demais drogas anestésicas comumente utilizadas, apresentando baixa incidência de efeitos colaterais e mínima depressão respiratória.

Palavras-chave

DROGAS, DROGAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dexmedetomidine is the newest alpha2-adrenergic agonist for clinical application. It has a fast onset, is metabolized by the liver and mostly excreted by the urine. This review aimed at presenting pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of dexmedetomidine and its clinical applications. CONTENTS: Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles are presented and compared to other alpha2-adrenergic agonist drugs, the prototype of which is clonidine. Cardiac, vascular, neurological and gynecologic procedure outcomes are commented. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine is an innovative drug for sedation and analgesia. Its major qualities are fast onset and titration, allowing for changes in sedation and analgesia depth. In addition, it has a synergism with commonly used anesthetic drugs, with a low incidence of side effects and minor respiratory depression.

Keywords

DRUGS, DRUGS

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