Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000500002
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Dexmedetomidina e sufentanil como analgésicos per-operatórios: estudo comparativo

Dexmedetomidine and sufentanil as intraoperative analgesics: comparative study

Fábio Geraldo Curtis; Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia; Andrea Albres Stolf; Erick Ronzella; Simone Maria D’Angelo Vanni; Paulo do Nascimento Junior

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942002000500002 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.52, n5, p.525-534, 2002
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A utilização das drogas agonistas dos alfa2-adrenoceptores para controlar a pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca, propiciar menores respostas hemodinâmicas à intubação e extubação traqueal e poupar anestésicos já está difundida na literatura desde a introdução da clonidina. O desenvolvimento de agentes providos de maior seletividade alfa2-adrenoceptora que, por isso, determinam menos efeitos adversos, como a dexmedetomidina, recentemente liberada para utilização clínica, possibilitou que ocorressem maior sedação e analgesia com o seu uso. Despertou-se, então, o interesse em sua utilização como substitutos dos opióides, conhecidos por determinarem potente analgesia e sedação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a analgesia promovida pela dexmedetomidina e pelo sufentanil, utilizados em infusões contínuas durante anestesias de procedimentos otorrinolaringológicos e de cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODO: Os 60 pacientes estudados foram divididos em dois grupos de 30: G1, recebendo sufentanil e G2, dexmedeto- midina, na indução e manutenção anestésicas. Para a manutenção da anestesia utilizaram-se, também, o óxido nitroso e o propofol, em infusão contínua alvo-controlada. Foram avaliados os parâmetros hemodinâmicos (pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica e freqüência cardíaca), tempos de despertar e de extubação após interrupção do propofol, locais onde foram extubados os pacientes, sala de operação (SO) ou sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA), tempo de permanência na SRPA, índice de Aldrete e Kroulik e as complicações apresentadas na SO e SRPA. RESULTADOS: G1 apresentou menores valores de pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e freqüência cardíaca, tempos de despertar e extubação maiores, maior número de extubações na SRPA, maior tempo de permanência na SRPA, valores mais baixos para Aldrete e Kroulik na alta da SRPA e mais complicações per e pós-operatórias. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização de dexmedetomidina como analgésico per-operatório apresentou melhores resultados que a de sufentanil, nos procedimentos selecionados neste trabalho, com relação à estabilidade hemodinâmica e às condições de despertar e de recuperação anestésica.

Palavras-chave

ANALGÉSICOS, ANALGÉSICOS, DROGAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of alpha2-agonists to control heart rate and blood pressure, to attenuate hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation and extubation and to reduce anesthetics requirement are already well established in the literature since clonidine introduction for therapeutic use. Dexmedetomidine, recently approved for clinical use, presents more alpha2-adrenergic receptors selectively, and therefore less adverse effects combined with marked analgesic and sedative properties. This has raised the interest in using it to replace opioids, known for their potent analgesic and sedative properties. This study aimed at comparing dexmedetomidine and sufentanil analgesia’s during continuous infusion for ENT, head and neck procedures. METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly distributed in two groups of 30: G1 - sufentanil and G2 - dexmedetomidine, for anesthetic induction and maintenance. Nitrous oxide and propofol in a target controlled continuous infusion were also used for anesthetic maintenance. The following parameters were evaluated: hemodynamic variables (systolic, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate), emergence and extubation times after propofol withdrawal, place where patients were extubated (operating room - OR, or post-anesthetic recovery unit - PACU), PACU stay, Aldrete Kroulik index, and OR or PACU complications. RESULTS: G1 had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lower heart rate values, longer emergence and extubation times, higher number of PACU extubations, longer PACU stay, lower Aldrete-Kroulik index and higher number of peri and postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine as intraoperative analgesic was more effective as compared to sufentanil in the procedures selected for this study regarding hemodynamic stability, emergence and anesthetic recovery conditions.

Keywords

ANALGESICS, ANALGESICS, DRUGS

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