Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000500001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Influência do sevoflurano e do isoflurano na recuperação do bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo cisatracúrio

The influence of sevoflurane and isoflurane on the recovery from cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular block

Angélica de Fátima de Assunção Braga; Franklin Sarmento da Silva Braga; Glória Maria Braga Potério; Eugesse Cremonesi; Gislaine Mauro

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942002000500001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.52, n5, p.517-524, 2002
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os efeitos dos agentes bloqueadores neuromusculares sobre a junção neuromuscular são aumentados pelos anestésicos voláteis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do sevoflurano e do isoflurano na recuperação do bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo cisatracúrio. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 90 pacientes, estado físico ASA I e II, submetidos à cirurgias eletivas sob anestesia geral, distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo I (sevoflurano), Grupo II (isoflurano) e Grupo III (propofol). Todos os pacientes receberam como medicação pré-anestésica, midazolam (0,1 mg.kg-1) por via muscular, 30 minutos antes da cirurgia. A indução anestésica foi obtida com alfentanil (50 µg.kg-1), propofol (2,5 mg.kg-1) e cisatracúrio (0,15 mg.kg-1). Os pacientes foram ventilados com oxigênio a 100% sob máscara até o desaparecimento das quatro respostas a SQE, quando foram realizadas as manobras de laringoscopia e intubação traqueal. Os agente voláteis para a manutenção da anestesia foram introduzidos logo após a intubação traqueal e empregados nas concentrações de 2% e 1%, respectivamente para o sevoflurano e isoflurano, e o propofol em infusão contínua (7 a 10 mg.kg-1.h-1). Em todos os pacientes empregou-se a mistura de oxigênio e óxido nitroso a 50%. A função neuromuscular foi monitorizada por aceleromiografia do músculo adutor do polegar, empregando-se a SQE a cada 15 segundos. Foram avaliados: a duração clínica do bloqueio neuromuscular (T1(25%)) e o índice de recuperação (IR= T1(25-75%)). RESULTADOS: Os tempos médios e desvios padrão para a duração clínica (T1(25%)) e índice de recuperação (IR = T1(25-75%)) foram respectivamente: Grupo I (66,2 ± 13,42 min e 23,6 ± 5,02 min), Grupo II (54,4 ± 6,58 min e 14,9 ± 3,82 min) e Grupo III (47,2 ± 7,43 min e 16,2 ± 2,93 min). Em relação à duração clínica houve diferença significante entre os grupos I e II, I e III, e II e III. Para o índice de recuperação houve diferença significante entre o grupo I e os demais grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A recuperação do bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo cisatracúrio foi mais lenta durante a anestesia com os agentes voláteis do que com o propofol, sendo o efeito mais pronunciado com o sevoflurano.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, MONITORIZAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effects of neuromuscular blockers on the neuromuscular junction are potentiated by volatile anesthetics. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of sevoflurane and isoflurane on the recovery of cisatracurium- induced neuromuscular block. METHODS: Ninety ASA I and II patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia were included in this study. Patients were allocated in three groups: Group I (sevoflurane), Group II (isoflurane) and Group III (propofol). All patients were premedicated with intramuscular midazolam (0.1 mg.kg-1) 30 min before surgery. Anesthesia was induced with alfentanil (50 µg.kg-1), propofol (2.5 mg.kg-1) and cisatracurium (0.15 mg.kg-1). Patients were then ventilated under mask with 100% O2 until disappearance of all TOF responses when laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were performed. Volatile agents for anesthetic maintenance were introduced immediately after tracheal intubation in 2% and 1% concentrations, respectively, for sevoflurane and isoflurane, as well as the propofol continuous infusion (7 to 10 mg.kg-1.h-1) for Group III. All patients received a 50% mixture of O2 and N2O. Neuromuscular function was monitored by adductor pollicis muscle acceleromyography with TOF stimulation at 15-second intervals. Clinical duration of neuromuscular block (T1(25%)) and recovery index (RI=T1(25-75%)) were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean time and standard deviation for clinical duration (T1(25%)) and recovery index (RI=T1(25-75%)) were respectively: Group I (66.2 ± 13.42 min and 23.6 ± 5.02 min), Group II (54.4 ± 6.58 min and 14.9 ± 3.82 min) and Group III (47.2 ± 7.43 min and 16.2 ± 2.93 min). There were significant differences in clinical duration between Groups I and II, I and III and II and III. There was a significant difference in recovery index between Group I and the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The recovery from cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular block was longer during anesthesia with volatile agents as compared to propofol. The most pronounced effect was observed with sevoflurane.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS, MONITORING, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS

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