Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000400012
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Complicações neurológicas determinadas pela anestesia subaracnóidea

Spinal anesthesia-induced neurological complications

Eliana Marisa Ganem; Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia; Pedro Thadeu Galvão Vianna

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Complicações neurológicas da anestesia subaracnóidea, apesar de raras, podem determinar seqüelas importantes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar estas complicações com a finalidade de esclarecer os fatores desencadeantes, o que facilita o diagnóstico das lesões. CONTEÚDO: São apresentadas as seguintes complicações: lesão de nervo desencadeada pela agulha e cateter, cefaléia pós-punção, síndrome da artéria espinhal anterior, hematoma espinhal, meningite bacteriana, meningite asséptica, aracnoidite adesiva, síndrome da cauda eqüina e sintomas neurológicos transitórios. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento dos fatores desencadeantes de complicações neurológicas determinadas pela anestesia subaracnóidea pode prevenir as lesões, diagnosticar e tratar mais precocemente e, desse modo, mudar o prognóstico das mesmas.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉTICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉTICAS

Abstract

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Complicaciones neurológicas de la anestesia subaracnóidea, a pesar de raras, pueden determinar secuelas importantes. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar estas complicaciones con la finalidad de esclarecer los factores desencadenantes, lo que facilita el diagnóstico de las lesiones. CONTENIDO: Son presentadas las siguientes complicaciones: lesión del nervio desencadenada por la aguja y catéter, cefalea pós-punción, síndrome de la arteria espinal anterior, hematoma espinal, meningitis bacteriana, meningitis aséptica, aracnoidite adhesiva, síndrome de la cola de caballo y síntomas neurológicos transitorios. CONCLUSIONES: El conocimiento de los factores desenca- denantes de complicaciones neurológicas determinadas por la anestesia subaracnóidea puede prevenir las lesiones, diagnosticar y tratar más precozmente y, de ese modo, cambiar el pronóstico de las mismas.

Keywords

ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, COMPLICATIONS

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