Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000300012
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Implicações anestésicas do tabagismo

Smoking and anesthetic implications

Ricardo Dorneles Furtado

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O fumo tem assumido grande importância em relação à morbidade anestésica. Apesar da divulgação acerca dos prejuízos à saúde, países reconhecidos como em desenvolvimento apresentam estatísticas crescentes quanto à população usuária de cigarros. O objetivo desta revisão é mostrar o modo de ação e efeitos do cigarro sobre os diversos órgãos e sistemas e seu impacto sobre a fisiologia do organismo, risco pré-operatório e o manuseio de pacientes fumantes durante a preparação pré-anestésica e complicações pós-operatórias. CONTEÚDO: Nesta revisão são apresentadas as diversas formas de ação do cigarro e seus componentes sobre órgãos e sistemas, repercussões orgânicas e a conduta anestésica para que haja redução da morbidade perioperatória nestes pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: A história do tabagismo na avaliação pré-anestésica deve ser enfaticamente valorizada e medidas preventivas em relação aos efeitos sistêmicos devem ser tomadas, minimizando assim os riscos dos procedimentos.

Palavras-chave

AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ-OPERATÓRIA, COMPLICAÇÕES, Respiratória

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smoking is becoming very important for anesthetic morbidity. In spite of its widespread noxious effects on health, developing countries have increasing statistics on smoking population. This review aimed at showing action mechanisms and effects of cigarettes on different organs and systems, and their impact on physiology, preoperative risk and management of smokers during preanesthetic preparation, in addition to postoperative complications. CONTENTS: Several action mechanisms of cigarettes and their components on organ and systems, organic consequences and the anesthetic approach to decrease perioperative morbidity in those patients are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking history in preanesthetic evaluation should be highly valued and preventive measures should be taken with regard to systemic effects, thus minimizing surgical and anesthetic risks.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, Respiratory, PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

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