Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000300012
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Implicações anestésicas do tabagismo

Smoking and anesthetic implications

Ricardo Dorneles Furtado

Downloads: 1
Views: 781

Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O fumo tem assumido grande importância em relação à morbidade anestésica. Apesar da divulgação acerca dos prejuízos à saúde, países reconhecidos como em desenvolvimento apresentam estatísticas crescentes quanto à população usuária de cigarros. O objetivo desta revisão é mostrar o modo de ação e efeitos do cigarro sobre os diversos órgãos e sistemas e seu impacto sobre a fisiologia do organismo, risco pré-operatório e o manuseio de pacientes fumantes durante a preparação pré-anestésica e complicações pós-operatórias. CONTEÚDO: Nesta revisão são apresentadas as diversas formas de ação do cigarro e seus componentes sobre órgãos e sistemas, repercussões orgânicas e a conduta anestésica para que haja redução da morbidade perioperatória nestes pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: A história do tabagismo na avaliação pré-anestésica deve ser enfaticamente valorizada e medidas preventivas em relação aos efeitos sistêmicos devem ser tomadas, minimizando assim os riscos dos procedimentos.

Palavras-chave

AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ-OPERATÓRIA, COMPLICAÇÕES, Respiratória

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smoking is becoming very important for anesthetic morbidity. In spite of its widespread noxious effects on health, developing countries have increasing statistics on smoking population. This review aimed at showing action mechanisms and effects of cigarettes on different organs and systems, and their impact on physiology, preoperative risk and management of smokers during preanesthetic preparation, in addition to postoperative complications. CONTENTS: Several action mechanisms of cigarettes and their components on organ and systems, organic consequences and the anesthetic approach to decrease perioperative morbidity in those patients are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking history in preanesthetic evaluation should be highly valued and preventive measures should be taken with regard to systemic effects, thus minimizing surgical and anesthetic risks.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, Respiratory, PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

References

Beckers S, Camu F. The anaesthetic risk of tobacco smoking. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1991;42:45-56.

Schwilk B, Bothner U, Schraag S. Perioperative respiratory events in smokers and nonsmokers undergoing general anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scan. 1997;41:348-355.

Myles PS, Hendrata M, Layher Y. Double-blind, randomized trial of cessation of smoking after audiotape suggestion during anesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1996;76:694-698.

Torres BS, Cruz RCS, Huggins D. Tabagismo na adolescência: fatores determinantes. Rev Bras Med. 1998;55:251-253.

Taylor P. Agentes que Atuam na Junção Neuromuscular e nos Gânglios Autônomos. As Bases Farmacológicas da Terapêutica. 1996:131-145.

Nel MR, Morgan M. Smoking and anaesthesia revisited. Anaesthesia. 1996;51:309-311.

O’Brien CP. Dependência e Uso Abusivo de Drogas. As Bases Farmacológicas da Terapêutica. 1996:405-420.

Jackson EK. Vasopressina e Outros Agentes que Afetam a Conservação Renal de Água. As Bases Farmacológicas da Terapêutica. 1996:523-535.

Klaassen CD. Agentes Tóxicos Ambientais Não-Metálicos. Bases Farmacológicas da Terapêutica. 1996:1240-1258.

Bacon PJ, Pickwoth AJ, Jones JG. Plasma antioxidant activity in smokers. Br J Anaesth. 1994;73:721-722.

Williams EL, Anaes FRC, Tempelhoff R. Transdermal nicotine patch and general anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1993;76:907.

Erskine RJ, Murphy PJ, Langton JA. Br J Anaesth. 1993;70.

Erskine RJ, Murphy PJ, Langton JA. Effect of age on the sensitivity of upper airway reflexes. Br J Anaesth. 1993;70:574-575.

Hill GE, Ruggeroli A, Pohorecki R. Cigarette smoking reduces endogenous airway nitric oxide production during cardiopulmonary bypass in humans. Anesth Analg. 1995;81:170-172.

Rosemberg J. Interações medicamentosas do tabaco. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 1989;39:160-162.

Durrett LR, Lawson NW. Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo. Tratado de Anestesiologia Clínica. 1993.

Daley M, Norman PH, Colmenares ME. Hypoxaemia in adults in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Can J Anaesth. 1991;38:740-746.

Gal TJ. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and anesthesia: physiologic and therapeutic perspectives. Anesth Analg. 1994;78:559-573.

Teiria H, Yli-Hankala A, Neuvonen PJ. Cigarette smoking does not affect thiopentone pharmacodynamic of pharmacokinetic behaviour. Can J Anaesth. 1997;44:1269-1274.

Caranza R, Raphael JH, Nandwani N. Effect of nebulised lignocaine on the quality of induction of anaesthesia in cigarette smokers. Anaesthesia. 1997;52:849-852.

Nigrovic V, Wierda JM. Post-succynilcholine muscle pain and smoking. Can J Anaesth. 1994;41:453-454.

Bruguerolle B, Attolini L, Roucoules K. Cigarette smoke increases bupivacaine metabolism in rats. Can J Anaesth. 1994;41:733-737.

Lyons B, Frizelle H, Kirby F. The effect of passive smoking on the incidence of airway complications in children undergoing general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1996;51:324-326.

Wong DH, Weber EC, Schell MJ. Factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Anesth Analg. 1995;80:276-284.

Ding Y, White PF. Lung collapse after induction of anesthesia in a healthy outpatient. Anesthesiology. 1994;80:689-690.

Dennis A, Curran J, Sherrif J. Effects of passive and active smoking on induction of anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1994;73:450-452.

Erskine RJ, Murphy PJ, Langton JA. Sensitivity of upper airway reflexes in cigarette smokers: effect of abstinence. Br J Anaesth. 1994;73:298-302.

Forrest JB, Rehder K, Cahalan MK. Multicenter study of general anaesthesia: Predictors of severe perioperative adverse outcomes. Anesthesiology. 1992;76:3-15.

5dd593870e8825e06dc8fca6 rba Articles
Links & Downloads

Braz J Anesthesiol

Share this page
Page Sections