Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000200003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Ropivacaína em bloqueio peridural torácico para cirurgia plástica

Thoracic epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine for plastic surgery

José Roberto Nociti; Paulo Sérgio Mateus Serzedo; Eduardo Barbin Zuccolotto; Raul Gonzalez

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942002000200003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.52, n2, p.156-165, 2002
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O bloqueio peridural torácico constitui técnica de anestesia hipotensiva, capaz de reduzir o sangramento no campo operatório. O presente estudo não-comparativo tem por finalidade observar os resultados do bloqueio peridural torácico com ropivacaína a 0,5% associado a sedação com infusão contínua de propofol em cirurgia plástica. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo sessenta pacientes do sexo feminino com idades entre 18 e 62 anos, estado físico ASA I ou II, submetidas a cirurgias plásticas combinadas envolvendo mama, abdômen, glúteos, lipoaspiração. Após punção peridural em T9-T10 ou T10-T11, receberam 40 ml de solução de ropivacaína a 0,5% e sufentanil 15 µg. Doses subseqüentes do anestesia local foram administradas através de cateter quando necessárias. Sedação foi obtida com infusão venosa contínua de propofol 40 a 50 µg.kg-1.min-1. Foram avaliadas as características de instalação e regressão do bloqueio, a evolução dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios, a incidência de eventos adversos. RESULTADOS: O nível superior de bloqueio sensorial foi T2 em 52 pacientes (86,6%), C4 em 4 (6,6%) e T3 em 4 (6,6%). A média para o tempo de latência foi 9,1 ± 8,2 minutos. Obteve-se bloqueio motor grau 2 em 61,7% das pacientes e grau 1 em 38,3%. A média para o tempo de regressão completa do bloqueio motor foi 377,9 ± 68,5 minutos. A média para o tempo da primeira queixa espontânea de dor foi 965,1 ± 371,3 minutos. Os valores médios de PAS, PAD, PAM e FC decresceram significativamente em relação ao controle a partir dos 15 min após a injeção do anestésico local, caracterizando anestesia hipotensiva. Treze pacientes (21,7%) que apresen- taram PAS < 65 mmHg e/ou PAM < 50 mmHg receberam vasopressor (etilfedrina) e 4 (6,7%) que apresentaram FC < 50 bpm receberam atropina. Não foi necessária transfusão sangüínea em nenhum paciente. CONCLUSÕES: O bloqueio peridural torácico com ropivacaína a 0,5% e sufentanil 15 µg, associado à sedação com propofol em infusão contínua, constitui método de anestesia hipotensiva de boa qualidade para cirurgias plásticas combinadas envolvendo mama, abdômen, glúteos e lipoaspiração. A monitorização contínua dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios e o controle dos efeitos do bloqueio sobre estes parâmetros são indispensáveis para o sucesso e a segurança da técnica.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, Local, CIRURGIA, Plástica, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thoracic epidural blockade is a method of hypotensive anesthesia able to reduce bleeding during surgery. This non-comparative study aimed at evaluating the results of thoracic epidural blockade with 0.5% ropivacaine associated to propofol continuous infusion sedation in plastic surgery. METHODS: Participated in this study 60 female patients aged 18 to 62 years, physical status ASA I or II, scheduled for combined plastic surgeries of breast, abdomen, gluteus and liposuction. After epidural puncture in T9-T10 or T10-T11, patients received 40 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine and 15 µg sufentanil. Additional local anesthetic doses were administered through an epidural catheter, if necessary. Sedation was induced with 40 to 50 µg.kg-1.min-1 propofol continuous infusion. Blockade installation and regression, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters and the incidence of adverse effects were investigated. RESULTS: Upper sensory block level was T2 in 52 patients (86.6%), C4 in 4 (6.6%), and T3 in 4 (6.6%). Mean onset time was 9.1 ± 8.2 min. Motor block grade 2 was obtained in 61.7% of patients, and grade 1 in 38.3%. Mean time for complete motor block regression was 377.9 ± 68.5 min. Mean time for first spontaneous pain complaint was 965.1 ± 371.3 min. SBP, DBP, MBP and HR mean values have significantly decreased as compared to control as from 15 min after local anesthetic injection, thus characterizing hypotensive anesthesia. Thirteen patients (21.7%) with SBP < 65 mmHg and/or MBP < 50 mmHg received a vasopressor (ethylphedrine) and 4 patients (6.7%) with HR < 50 bpm received atropine. No patient needed blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic epidural blockade with 0.5% ropivacaine and 15 µg sufentanil associated to propofol continuous infusion sedation is a satisfactory hypotensive anesthesia technique for combined plastic surgeries involving breast, abdomen, gluteus and liposuction. Continuous monitoring of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters as well as controlling blockade effects on those parameters are critical for the success and safety of the technique.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, Local, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional, SURGERY, Plastic

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