Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000100011
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Citocinas e anestesia

Cytokines and anesthesia

João Batista Santos Garcia; Adriana Machado Issy; Rioko Kimiko Sakata

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Vários trabalhos têm abordado as citocinas que podem ser estimuladas e liberadas por lesão cirúrgica, trauma, infecção, inflamação e câncer. Níveis elevados circulantes das citocinas parece ter implicações no aparecimento de complicações e retardo da recuperação pós-operatória de pacientes. O objetivo da presente revisão é resumir as informações hoje disponíveis sobre citocinas. CONTEÚDO: As citocinas são moléculas polipeptídicas produzidas por uma grande variedade de células e parecem não ter função na homeostase, sob condições normais. Esses mediadores são responsáveis por respostas locais ou sistêmicas, gerando alterações imunológicas, metabólicas, hemodinâmicas, endócrinas e neurais. Podem ativar respostas biológicas benéficas, como estimulação da função antimicrobiana, cicatrização de feridas, mieloestimulação e mobilização de substratos. No entanto, a secreção abundante de citocinas está associada a efeitos deletérios como hipotensão arterial, falência de órgãos e morte. CONCLUSÕES: Ao concluir esta revisão, fica evidente que as citocinas desempenham um papel de fundamental importância como mediadores de respostas metabólicas, hormonais, imunológicas e hematológicas, que há potencial terapêutico com o bloqueio de sua expressão e que a anestesia pode interferir de alguma forma na sua ativação. No entanto, muitas perguntas não estão ainda respondidas e estudos devem ser realizados nos próximos anos buscando esclarecer as ações das citocinas não só para a experimentação mas também para a prática clínica.

Palavras-chave

CITOCINAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cytokines can be stimulated and released by surgical injury, trauma, infection, inflammation and cancer. High cytokine circulating levels may lead to complications and delay of postoperative recovery. This study review and summarizes available information on cytokines. CONTENTS: Cytokines are polypeptide molecules produced by a wide variety of cells, which seem not to play a role in homeostasis under normal conditions. These mediators are responsible for local or systemic responses and produce immune, metabolic, hemodynamic, endocrine and neural changes. They may activate beneficial biologic responses, such as antimicrobial function stimulation, wound healing, myelostimulation and substrate mobilization. However, abundant cytokine secretion is associated to deleterious effects, such as hypotension, organ failure and death. CONCLUSIONS: In closing this review, it is clear that cytokines have a fundamental role as metabolic, hormonal, immune and hematological response mediators; that there is a therapeutic potential for their expression block; and that anesthesia may interfere in their activation. However, several questions are still to be answered and further studies are needed to explain cytokine actions not only for experimental, but also for clinical purposes.

Keywords

CYTOKINES

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