Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942002000100009
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Miscellaneous

Sedação com propofol e alfentanil para litotripsia extracorpórea por ondas de choque

Propofol and alfentanil sedation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

José Roberto Nociti; Sérgio Neves Zuccolotto; Carlos André Cagnolati; Antônio Carlos Moura Oliveira; Maurício Mahalem Bastos

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Este estudo não-comparativo tem por objetivo pesquisar as doses adequadas de propofol e alfentanil em sedação para litotripsia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (LEOC) bem como o tempo necessário para a alta hospitalar. MÉTODO: Foram observados 24 pacientes consecutivos de ambos os sexos submetidos a LEOC em regime ambulatorial, com estado físico ASA I ou II, sob sedação por via venosa com propofol na dose inicial de 1 mg.kg-1, seguida de infusão contínua com velocidade variável, e alfentanil na dose inicial de 15 µg.kg-1, seguida de bolus adicionais de 5 µg.kg-1 conforme as necessidades clínicas. Monitorização de SpO2, PAS, PAD e FC por método não-invasivo e alta hospitalar conforme critérios propostos por Kortilla para pacientes ambulatoriais. RESULTADOS: A duração média dos procedimentos foi de 46,8 ± 12,8 minutos. As doses totais médias de propofol e de alfentanil foram respectivamente de 59,0 ± 17,9 µg.kg-1.min-1 e 0,38 ± 0,14 µg.kg-1.min-1. Alta hospitalar em até 60 minutos em 58,3% dos casos; de 61 a 90 minutos em 20,9%; de 91 a 120 minutos em 12,5%; e acima de 120 minutos em 8,3%. Ocorreu dessaturação do sangue arterial (SpO2 £ 85%) em pelo menos uma ocasião em 45,8% dos pacientes, com rápida recuperação após fornecimento de oxigênio a 100%. CONCLUSÕES: A sedação com propofol e alfentanil nas doses relatadas para LEOC constitui método prático, efetivo e seguro desde que adotadas medidas para monitorização e atendimento a complicações cardiorrespiratórias que podem ocorrer no curso do procedimento.

Palavras-chave

HIPNÓTICOS, PROCEDIMENTOS DE DIAGNOSE E TERAPIA, SEDAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This non comparative study aimed at investigating optimal propofol and alfentanil doses used for sedation during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as well as the time elapsed for hospital discharge. METHODS: Participated in this study 24 consecutive outpatients of both genders, physical status ASA I or II, submitted to ESWL under intravenous sedation. Sedation consisted of propofol (initial dose of 1 mg.kg-1 followed by continuous infusion with variable speed), and alfentanil (initial dose of 15 µg.kg-1 followed by additional 5 µg.kg-1 boluses according to clinical needs). Non invasive SpO2, SBP, DBP, and HR were monitored, and hospital discharge was provided according to Kortilla’s criteria for outpatient surgeries. RESULTS: Mean procedure duration was 46.8 ± 12.8 minutes. Mean total propofol and alfentanil doses were 59.0 ± 17.9 µg.kg-1.min-1 and 0.38 ± 0.14 µg.kg-1.min-1, respectively. Time for hospital discharge was 60 min or less in 58.3% of patients; 61 to 90 minutes in 20.9%; 91 to 120 minutes in 12.5%; and more than 120 minutes in 8.3%. There has been at least one episode of low arterial blood saturation (SpO2 £ 85%) in 45.8% of patients followed by quick reversion after 100% oxygen supply. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol and alfentanil in the doses reported are practical, effective, and safe for ESWL anesthesia, provided respiratory and cardiovascular parameters are monitored and devices for treating complications are readily avaiable.

Keywords

DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES, HYPNOTICS, SEDATION

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