Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942001000600010
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Avaliação e preparo pré-operatório do portador de doença das artérias coronárias

Preoperative assessment and preparation of coronary artery disease patients for surgery

Gilson Ramos; José Ramos Filho; Edísio Pereira

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Portadores de doença arterial coronária (DAC) apresentam maior morbi-mortalidade peri-operatória em cirurgias não-cardíacas. Exames laboratoriais específicos são aliados importantes do exame clínico e devem ser incluídos no arsenal propedêutico para avaliação e preparo desses pacientes. O objetivo da presente revisão é estabelecer condutas pré-operatórias para minimizar a morbi-mortalidade peri e pós-operatória dos portadores de DAC. CONTEÚDO: São apresentadas características das anginas de peito estável e instável, critérios de classificação clínica e funcional, diagnóstico, terapêutica clínica-cirúrgica e os principais testes laboratoriais cardiológicos disponíveis. Além disso são correlacionados o tipo de angina com o procedimento cirúrgico para proposta de um algoritmo pré-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: Todos os portadores de DAC candidatos à cirurgia não-cardíaca devem ser rigorosamente avaliados. Os identificados como de alto risco necessitam eficaz controle clínico. Nos candidatos clinicamente estáveis, considerados de risco intermediário, testes funcionais não-invasivos são recomendáveis. Em todos os coronariopatas o uso de b-bloqueador deve ser considerado.

Palavras-chave

AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ-ANESTÉSICA; DOENÇA, Cardíaca

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients are at greater perioperative morbidity and mortality risk during non-cardiac surgery. Specific laboratory tests are important adjuncts to clinical tests and should be one of the tools for evaluating and preparing those patients. This review aims at establishing preoperative procedures to minimize peri and postoperative morbidity and mortality in CAD patients. Contents: Characteristics of stable and unstable chest anginas are presented, along with clinical and functional classification criteria, diagnosis, clinical-surgical therapy and major cardiologic laboratory tests. In addition, types of angina are correlated to clinical procedures in order to propose a preoperative algorithm. Conclusions: All CAD patients being considered for non-cardiac surgery should be carefully evaluated. Patients at high-risk require effective clinical control. For clinically stable patients, in the intermediate-risk group, functional non-invasive tests are recommended. The use of beta-blockers should be considered for all coronary patients.

Keywords

DISEASE, Cardiac, PREANESTHETIC EVALUATION

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