Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942001000600001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Alterações transitórias do exame neurológico durante o despertar da anestesia com enflurano, isoflurano ou sevoflurano

Transient neurological changes during emergence from enflurane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia

Luiz Fernando Soares; Pablo Escovedo Helayel; Getúlio Rodrigues de Oliveira Filho; Rogério do Amaral

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Anormalidades transitórias do exame neurológico ocorrem durante o despertar da anestesia com halotano, enflurano e isoflurano. Pouco se conhece sobre a ocorrência de anormalidades do exame neurológico durante a recuperação da anestesia com sevoflurano. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a prevalência de tais achados durante a recuperação da anestesia com enflurano (Grupo E), isoflurano (Grupo I) e sevoflurano (Grupo S). MÉTODO: Foram estudados 44 pacientes que receberam anestesia com enflurano, isoflurano ou sevoflurano em N2O a 50%. Foram anotados antes da indução, imediatamente após a cessação da administração do anestésico e 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 e 40 minutos após: temperatura timpânica, nível de consciência, tônus muscular, reflexos pupilar, ciliar, bicipital, patelar e cutâneo-plantar, bem como a ocorrência de calafrios. RESULTADOS: As respostas dos reflexos pupilar, ciliar, patelar e cutâneo-plantar correlacionaram-se com o nível de consciência. Os grupos não diferiram quanto à prevalência de hipertonia muscular, hiperreflexia bicipital, clônus plantar e resposta extensora cutâneo-plantar. Hiperreflexia patelar foi mais freqüente no grupo do enflurano do que no grupo do isoflurano. Calafrios foram mais freqüentes nos grupos E e I do que no grupo do sevoflurano. A temperatura timpânica não diferiu entre os pacientes que apresentaram ou não calafrios. CONCLUSÕES: Alterações reversíveis do exame neurológico podem estar presentes por até 40 minutos durante a recuperação da anestesia com enflurano, isoflurano ou sevoflurano.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, Inalatórios, ANESTÉSICOS, Inalatórios, ANESTÉSICOS, Inalatórios, RECUPERAÇÃO PÓS-ANESTÉSICA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transient neurological findings are seen during emergence from halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane anesthesia. Little is known about neurological changes during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia. This study was aimed at comparing the incidence of such findings during recovery from enflurane (Group E), isoflurane (Group I) and sevoflurane (Group S) anesthesia. METHODS: Forty four patients were assigned to receive enflurane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in 50% N2O. Evaluated parameters were: tympanic temperature, consciousness level, muscle tone, pupillary, eyelash, bicipital, patellar and plantar reflexes and shivering, which were recorded before induction, immediately after anesthesia withdrawal and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 minutes thereafter. RESULTS: Pupillary, eyelash, patellar and plantar reflexes were significantly related to the level of consciousness. Groups did not differ regarding the incidence of increased muscle tone, bicipital response, plantar clonus and extension plantar response. Increased patellar response was more frequent in group E than in group I. Shivering was more frequent in groups E and I as compared to group S. No difference in tympanic temperature could be detected among patients with or without shivering. CONCLUSIONS: Transient neurological changes can be detected up to 40 minutes during emergence from enflurane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, Inhalational, ANESTHETICS, Inhalational, ANESTHETICS, Inhalational, POSTANESTHETIC RECOVERY

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