Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942001000300001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Fatores associados com a ocorrência de hipoxemia no período pós-anestésico imediato

Factors associated to hypoxemia in the immediate postoperative period

Getúlio Rodrigues de Oliveira Filho; Jorge Hamilton Soares Garcia; Márcia Regina Ghellar; Marcos Antônio Nicolodi; Asmir Luiz Boso; Adilson José Dal Mago

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942001000300001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.51, n3, p.185-195, 2001
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hipoxemia pós-anestésica é um evento respiratório crítico que aumenta a morbidade pós-operatória. Este estudo visou identificar fatores relacionados à ocorrência de hipoxemia no período pós-operatório imediato. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 204 pacientes admitidos à sala de recuperação pós-anestésica respirando ar ambiente. A saturação periférica da oxi-hemoglobina (SpO2), as pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) e a freqüência cardíaca (FC) foram medidas a intervalos de 5 minutos desde a admissão do paciente até 20 minutos após. Escores de sedação, de dor e de adequação da ventilação foram atribuídos nos mesmos momentos. SpO2 menor que 92% foi definida como hipoxemia e indicação para oxigenioterapia. Foram registrados: idade, sexo, peso, altura, história de fumo, de DPOC e de diabete melito, SpO2 na chegada à sala de cirurgia, tipo de anestesia, região operada, duração da anestesia, uso de opióides neuro-axiais e drogas utilizadas no período peri-operatório e respectivas doses. A associação destes fatores com hipoxemia foi definida por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e nove pacientes (24,01%) apresentaram SpO2 menor que 92% durante o período de observação. Foram indicadores de hipoxemia [relação de chances (limites de 95% de confiança)]: idade maior que 55 anos [4,32 (1,70; 10,95)], SpO2 pré-operatória menor que 95% [7,47 (1,50;37,11)], anestesia geral com enflurano [14,53 (2,54;82,93)], hipoventilação detectada clinicamente [34,82 (11,46;105,84)]. A PAS e a FC foram significativamente mais elevadas nos pacientes hipoxêmicos. CONCLUSÕES: Existem fatores significativamente associados à ocorrência de hipoxemia pós-operatória, enquanto o uso do oxímetro de pulso permite a utilização seletiva de oxigenioterapia no período pós-anestésico imediato.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES: hipoxemia

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postanesthetic hypoxemia is a critical respiratory event which increases postoperative morbidity. This study aimed to identify hypoxemia-related factors in the immediate postoperative period. METHODS: Participated in this study 204 patients admitted to the recovery room while breathing room air. Peripheral oxy-hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) were measured at 5-minute intervals since admission to the recovery room until 20 minutes later. Sedation, pain and ventilation adequacy scores were attributed to patients at the same moments. Hypoxemia was defined as a SpO2 below 92% and recommended oxygen therapy. The following data were recorded for each patient: age, gender, weight, height, smoking, history of diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), preanesthetic SpO2 at arrival in the operating room, type and duration of anesthesia, surgery site, use of neuro-axial opioids and perioperative drugs. The association of those factors to postoperative hypoxemia was defined by logistic regression. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients (24.01%) had SpO2 below 92% during the observation period. The following factors [odds ratio (95% confidence limits)] were considered hypoxemia predictors: more than 55 years old [4.32 (1.70; 10.95)], preanesthetic SpO2 lower than 95% [7.47 (1.50; 37.11)], general anesthesia with enflurane [14.53 (2.54; 82.93)], and clinically detectable hypoventilation [34.82 (11.46; 105.84)]. SBP and HR were significantly higher in hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: There are factors closely related to the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia and the use of pulse oximetry allows for selective oxygen therapy during the immediate postanesthetic period.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS: hypoxemia

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