Dear Editor,

The percentage of women in medical schools and residency programs has steadily increased over recent years. The 2023 demographic projection of the Brazilian medical workforce reveals that women will be the majority among doctors in Brazil from 2024 onward. In anesthesiology, despite the growing percentage of women, this gender disparity persists, particularly in scientific production within the specialty. In 1951, the Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia (RBA) was established as the official publication of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology and, in 2019, with the journal's internationalization process, the journal was renamed the Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (BJAN). Analyzing gender dynamics in publications is important for understanding women’s representation in Brazilian scientific historical evolution. This study aims to identify the prevalence of women as first authors of BJAN articles since its first issue as RBA. Additionally, the study sought to investigate the relationship between gender and the type of study.