The efficacy of buprenorphine compared with dexmedetomidine in spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Eficácia da buprenorfina em comparação com a dexmedetomidina na raquianestesia: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
Joao Marcos Cansian, Angelo Zanin D'Angelo Giampaoli, Liege Caroline Immich, Andre Prato Schmidt, Andrei Sanson Dias
Abstract
Background
This study compares dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine as potential adjuvants for spinal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine enhances sensory block and minimizes the need for pain medication, while buprenorphine, a long-acting opioid, exhibits a favorable safety profile compared to traditional opioids.
Methods
PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE were systematically searched in December 2023. Eligibility criteria: RCTs with patients scheduled for lower abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb surgeries; undergoing spinal anesthesia with a local anesthetic and buprenorphine or dexmedetomidine.
Results
Eight RCTs involving 604 patients were included. Compared with dexmedetomidine, buprenorphine significantly reduced time for sensory regression to S1 (Risk Ratio [RR = -131.28]; 95% CI -187.47 to -75.08; I2 = 99%) and motor block duration (RR = -118.58; 95% CI -170.08 to -67.09; I2 = 99%). Moreover, buprenorphine increased the onset time of sensory block (RR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.81; I2 = 93%) and increased the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR = 4.06; 95% CI 1.80 to 9.18; I² = 0%). No significant differences were observed in the duration of analgesia, onset time of motor block, time to achieve the highest sensory level, shivering, hypotension, or bradycardia.
Conclusions
The intrathecal administration of buprenorphine, when compared to dexmedetomidine, is linked to reduction in the duration of both sensory and motor blocks following spinal anesthesia. Conversely, buprenorphine was associated with an increased risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting and a longer onset time of sensory block. Further high-quality RCTs are essential for a comprehensive understanding of buprenorphine's effects compared with dexmedetomidine in spinal anesthesia.
Keywords
Resumo
Introdução
Este estudo compara dexmedetomidina e buprenorfina como adjuvantes potenciais para anestesia espinhal. A dexmedetomidina aumenta o bloqueio sensorial e minimiza a necessidade de medicação para dor, enquanto a buprenorfina, um opioide de ação prolongada, exibe um perfil de segurança favorável em comparação aos opioides tradicionais.
Métodos
PubMed, Cochrane e EMBASE foram sistematicamente pesquisados em dezembro de 2023. Critérios de elegibilidade: ECRs com pacientes agendados para cirurgias abdominais inferiores, pélvicas ou de membros inferiores; submetidos à anestesia espinhal com anestésico local e buprenorfina ou dexmedetomidina.
Resultados
Oito ECRs envolvendo 604 pacientes foram incluídos. Comparado com a dexmedetomidina, a buprenorfina reduziu significativamente o tempo para regressão sensorial para S1 (razão de risco [RR = -131,28]; IC de 95% -187,47 a -75,08; I2 = 99%) e a duração do bloqueio motor (RR = -118,58; IC de 95% -170,08 a -67,09; I2 = 99%). Além disso, a buprenorfina aumentou o tempo de início do bloqueio sensorial (RR = 0,42; IC de 95% 0,03 a 0,81; I2 = 93%) e aumentou a incidência de náusea e vômito pós-operatórios (RR = 4,06; IC de 95% 1,80 a 9,18; I² = 0%). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na duração da analgesia, tempo de início do bloqueio motor, tempo para atingir o nível sensorial mais alto, tremores, hipotensão ou bradicardia.
Conclusões
A administração intratecal de buprenorfina, quando comparada à dexmedetomidina, está relacionada à redução na duração dos bloqueios sensoriais e motores após a raquianestesia. Por outro lado, a buprenorfina foi associada a um risco aumentado de náusea e vômito pós-operatórios e a um tempo de início mais longo do bloqueio sensorial. Mais RCTs de alta qualidade são essenciais para uma compreensão abrangente dos efeitos da buprenorfina em comparação à dexmedetomidina na raquianestesia.
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References
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Submitted date:
04/14/2024
Accepted date:
07/27/2024
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