Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjane.2021.07.028
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Original Investigation

A prospective validation and comparison of three multivariate models for prediction of difficult intubation in adult patients

Uma validação prospectiva e comparação de três modelos multivariados para previsão de intubação difícil em pacientes adultos

Gustavo P. Bicalho; Roberto C. Bessa Jr.; Marcos G.C. Cruvinel; Fabiano S. Carneiro; Jayme C. Bueno; Carlos H.V. Castro

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Abstract

Purpose
Several bedside clinical tests have been proposed to predict difficult tracheal intubation. Unfortunately, when used alone, these tests show less than ideal prediction performance. Some multivariate tests have been proposed considering that the combination of some criteria could lead to better prediction performance. The goal of our research was to compare three previously described multivariate models in a group of adult patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods
This study included 220 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. A standardized airway evaluation which included modified Mallampati class (MM), thyromental distance (TMD), mouth opening distance (MOD), head and neck movement (HNM), and jaw protrusion capacity was performed before anesthesia. Multivariate models described by El-Ganzouri et al., Naguib et al., and Langeron et al. were calculated using the airway data. After anesthesia induction, an anesthesiologist performed the laryngoscopic classification and tracheal intubation. The sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the models were calculated.

Results
The overall incidence of difficult laryngoscopic view (DLV) was 12.7%. The area under curve (AUC) for the Langeron, Naguib, and El-Ganzouri models were 0.834, 0.805, and 0.752, respectively, (Langeron > El-Ganzouri, p = 0.004; Langeron = Naguib, p = 0.278; Naguib = El-Ganzouri, p = 0.101). The sensitivities were 85.7%, 67.9%, and 35.7% for the Langeron, Naguib, and El-Ganzouri models, respectively.

Conclusion
The Langeron model had higher overall prediction performance than that of the El-Ganzouri model. Additionally, the Langeron score had higher sensitivity than the Naguib and El-Ganzouri scores, and therefore yielded a lower incidence of false negatives.

Keywords

Airway management;  Anesthesiology;  Intubation;  Laryngoscopy;  Predictive value of tests

Resumo

Introdução

Vários testes clínicos à beira do leito foram propostos para prever intubação traqueal difícil. Infelizmente, quando usados sozinhos, esses testes mostram um desempenho de previsão abaixo do ideal. Alguns testes multivariados foram propostos considerando que a combinação de alguns critérios poderia levar a um melhor desempenho de predição. O objetivo de nossa pesquisa foi comparar três modelos multivariados previamente descritos em um grupo de pacientes adultos submetidos à anestesia geral.

Métodos

Este estudo incluiu 220 pacientes agendados para cirurgia eletiva sob anestesia geral. Uma avaliação padronizada das vias aéreas que incluiu classe de Mallampati modificada (MM), distância tireomentoniana (DTM), distância de abertura bucal (DAB), movimento de cabeça e pescoço (MCP) e capacidade de protrusão da mandíbula foi realizada antes da anestesia. Modelos multivariados descritos por El-Ganzouri et al., Naguib et al. e Langeron et al. foram calculados usando os dados das vias aéreas. Após a indução anestésica, um anestesiologista realizou a classificação laringoscópica e a intubação traqueal. As curvas de sensibilidade, especificidade e curvas ROC dos modelos foram calculadas.

Resultados

A incidência global de visão laringoscópica difícil (VLD) foi de 12,7%. A área sob a curva (AUC) para os modelos de Langeron, Naguib e El-Ganzouri foram 0,834, 0,805 e 0,752, respectivamente, (Langeron>El-Ganzouri, p=0,004; Langeron=Naguib, p=0,278; Naguib=El-Ganzouri, p=0,101). As sensibilidades foram de 85,7%, 67,9% e 35,7% para os modelos de Langeron, Naguib e El-Ganzouri, respectivamente.

Conclusão

O modelo de Langeron teve desempenho geral de predição superior ao do modelo de El-Ganzouri. Além disso, o escore de Langeron apresentou maior sensibilidade do que os escores de Naguib e El-Ganzouri e, portanto, apresentou menor incidência de falsos negativos.

Palavras-chave

Manejo de vias aéreas; Anestesiologia; Intubação; Laringoscopia; Valor preditivo dos testes

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Submitted date:
06/22/2020

Accepted date:
07/29/2021

611fea5ea9539572d05914d3 rba Articles
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