Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjane.2020.07.005
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Research

Perioperative central venous oxygen saturation and its correlation with mortality during cardiac surgery: an observational prospective study

Correlação entre saturação venosa central de oxigênio perioperatória e mortalidade em cirurgia cardíaca: estudo prospectivo observacional

César de Araujo Miranda, José F.A. Meletti, Laı́s H.N. Lima, Evaldo Marchi

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Abstract

Background
Cardiac surgery can produce persistent deficit in the ratio of Oxygen Delivery (DO2) to Oxygen Consumption (VO2). Central venous oxygen Saturation (ScvO2) is an accessible and indirect measure of DO2/VO2 ratio.

Objective
To monitor perioperative ScvO2 and assess its correlation with mortality during cardiac surgery.

Methods
This prospective observational study evaluated 273 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood gas samples were collected to measure ScvO2 at three time points: T0 (after anesthetic induction), T1 (end of surgery), and T2 (24 hours after surgery). The patients were divided into two groups (survivors and nonsurvivors). The following outcomes were analyzed: intrahospital mortality, length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital stay (LOS), and variation in ScvO2.

Results
Of the 273 patients, 251 (92%) survived and 22 (8%) did not. There was a significant perioperative reduction of ScvO2 in both survivors (T0 = 78% ± 8.1%, T1 = 75.4% ± 7.5%, and T2 = 68.5% ± 9%; p <  0.001) and nonsurvivors (T0 = 74.4% ± 8.7%, T1 = 75.4%±7.7%, and T2 = 66.7%±13.1%; p < 0.001). At T0, the percentage of patients with ScvO2< 70% was greater in the nonsurvivor group (31.8% vs. 13.1%; p =  0.046) and the multiple logistic regression showed that ScvO2 is an independent risk factor associated with death, OR = 2.94 (95% CI 1.10 − 7.89) (p =  0.032). The length of ICU and LOS were 3.6 ± 3.1 and 7.4 ± 6.0 days respectively and was not significantly associated with ScvO2.

Conclusions
Early intraoperative ScvO2 < 70% indicated a higher risk of death. A perioperative reduction of ScvO2 was observed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with high intraoperative and lower postoperative levels.

Keywords

Cardiac surgery procedures, Mortality, Perioperative care, Blood gas analyses, Venous catheterization

Resumo

Justificativa
A cirurgia cardíaca pode produzir déficit persistente na razão entre oferta de oxigênio (DO2) e consumo de oxigênio (VO2). A Saturação venosa central de Oxigênio (SvcO2) é uma medida acessível e indireta da razão DO2/VO2.

Objetivo
Monitorar a SvcO2 perioperatória e avaliar sua correlação com a mortalidade em cirurgia cardíaca.

Método
Este estudo observacional prospectivo avaliou 273 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Coletamos amostras de sangue para medir a SvcO2 em três momentos: T0 (após indução anestésica), T1 (final da cirurgia) e T2 (24 horas após a cirurgia). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (sobreviventes e não sobreviventes). Os seguintes desfechos foram analisados: mortalidade intra-hospitalar, tempo de permanência na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e de internação hospitalar, e variação na SvcO2.

Resultados
Dos 273 pacientes, 251 (92%) sobreviveram e 22 (8%) não. Houve queda significante da SvcO2 perioperatória nos sobreviventes (T0 = 78%±8,1%, T1 = 75,4% ± 7,5% e T2 = 68,5% ± 9%; p <  0,001) e nos não sobreviventes (T0 = 74,4% ± 8,7%, T1 = 75,4% ± 7,7% e T2 = 66,7% ± 13,1%; p <  0,001). No T0, a porcentagem de pacientes com SvcO2 < 70% foi maior no grupo não sobrevivente (31,8% vs. 13,1%; p =  0,046) e a regressão logística múltipla mostrou que a SvcO2 é um fator de risco independente associado ao óbito, OR = 2,94 (95% IC 1,10 − 7,89) (p = 0,032). O tempo de permanência na UTI e de hospitalização foi de 3,6 ± 3,1 e 7,4 ± 6,0 dias, respectivamente, e não foi significantemente associado à SvcO2.

Conclusões
Valores precoces de SvcO2 intraoperatória < 70% indicaram maior risco de óbito em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Observamos redução perioperatória da SvcO2, com altos níveis no intraoperatório e mais baixos no pós-operatório.

Palavras-chave

Procedimentos de cirurgia cardíaca, Mortalidade, Cuidado perioperatório, Análise de gases no sangue, Cateterismo venoso

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Submitted date:
11/29/2019

Accepted date:
04/18/2020

5f0f3b050e8825762fe52f60 rba Articles
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