Comparison of postoperative analgesia with methadone versus morphine in cardiac surgery

Ana Carolina Carvalho; Fábio Jean Goulart Sebold; Patrícia Mello Garcia Calegari; Benhur Heleno de Oliveira; Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol

doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2017.12.001

Scientific Article

Comparison of postoperative analgesia with methadone versus morphine in cardiac surgery

Comparação da analgesia pós-operatória com uso de metadona versus morfina em cirurgia cardíaca

Ana Carolina Carvalho; Fábio Jean Goulart Sebold; Patrícia Mello Garcia Calegari; Benhur Heleno de Oliveira; Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2017.12.001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.68, n2, p.122-127, 2018

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Abstract

Abstract Background and objectives: Pain is an aggravating factor of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of methadone versus morphine using the numerical rating scale of pain and postoperative on-demand analgesia in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. Method: A randomized, double-blind, parallel clinical trial was performed with patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: morphine group and methadone group. At the end of cardiac surgery, 0.1 mg.kg−1 adjusted body weight of methadone or morphine was administered intravenously. Patients were referred to the ICU, where the following was assessed: extubation time, time to first analgesic request, number of analgesic and antiemetic drug doses within 36 h, numerical pain scale at 12, 24, and 36 h postoperatively, and occurrence of adverse effects. Results: Each group comprised 50 patients. Methadone showed 22% higher efficacy than morphine as it yielded a number-needed-to-treat score of 6 and number-needed-to-harm score of 16. The methadone group showed a mean score of 1.9 ± 2.2 according to the numerical pain scale at 24 h after surgery, whereas as the morphine group showed a mean score of 2.9 ± 2.6 (p = 0.029). The methadone group required less morphine (29%) than the morphine group (43%) (p = 0.002). However, the time to first analgesic request in the postoperative period was 145.9 ± 178.5 min in the methadone group, and 269.4 ± 252.9 in the morphine group (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Methadone was effective for analgesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without extracorporeal circulation.

Keywords

Methadone, Morphine, Postoperative pain, Cardiac surgery

Resumo

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A dor é fator agravante da morbidade e mortalidade pós-operatória. O objetivo foi comparar o efeito da metadona versus morfina quanto à dor e demanda de analgesia pós-operatória em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, em paralelo. Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio foram randomizados por blocos em dois grupos: Grupo Morfina (Gmo) e Grupo Metadona (Gme). No fim da cirurgia cardíaca, 0,1 mg.Kg−1 peso corrigido de metadona ou morfina foi administrado por via venosa. Os pacientes foram levados à UTI, onde foram avaliados o tempo até a extubação e a necessidade do primeiro analgésico, o número de doses necessárias de analgésicos e antieméticos em 36 horas, a escala numérica de dor em 12, 24 e 36 horas após a cirurgia e a ocorrência de efeitos adversos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 50 pacientes em cada grupo. A metadona apresentou eficácia 22% maior do que a morfina com Number Needed to Treat(NNT) de 6 e Number Needed to Harm(NNH) de 16. Gme apresentou média de dor pela escala numérica em 24 horas após o procedimento de 1,9 ± 2,2 em comparação com o Gmo, cuja média foi de 2,9 ± 2,6 (p= 0,029). O Gme necessitou de menos morfina de resgate 29% do que o grupo Gmo 43% (p= 0,002). Entretanto, o tempo até a necessidade de analgésico no pós-operatório foi de 145,9 ± 178,5 minutos no Grupo Gme e de 269,4 ± 252,9 no Gmo (p= 0,005). Conclusões: A metadona mostrou-se eficiente para a analgesia em cirurgias cardíacas de revascularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea.

Palavras-chave

Methadone, Morphine, Postoperative pain, Cardiac surgery

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Comparison of postoperative analgesia with methadone versus morphine in cardiac surgery

Comparação da analgesia pós-operatória com uso de metadona versus morfina em cirurgia cardíaca

Ana Carolina Carvalho; Fábio Jean Goulart Sebold; Patrícia Mello Garcia Calegari; Benhur Heleno de Oliveira; Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol

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