Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjane.2017.09.008
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Anesthesia and Alzheimer disease – Current perceptions

Anestesia e doença de Alzheimer – Percepções atuais

Ana Filipa Vieira da Silva Ferreira Marques; Teresa Alexandra Santos Carvalho Lapa

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2017.09.008 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.68, n2, p.174-182, 2018
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Abstract

Abstract Background and objectives: It has been speculated that the use of anesthetic agents may be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease. The objective of this review is to describe and discuss pre-clinical and clinical data related to anesthesia and this disease. Content: Alzheimer disease affects about 5% of the population over 65 years old, with age being the main risk factor and being associated with a high morbidity. Current evidence questions a possible association between anesthesia, surgery, and long-term cognitive effects, including Alzheimer disease. Although data from some animal studies suggest an association between anesthesia and neurotoxicity, this link remains inconclusive in humans. We performed a review of the literature in which we selected scientific articles in the PubMed database, published between 2005 and 2016 (one article from 1998 due to its historical relevance), in English, which address the possible relationship between anesthesia and Alzheimer disease. 49 articles were selected. Conclusion: The possible relationship between anesthetic agents, cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer disease remains to be clarified. Prospective cohort studies or randomized clinical trials for a better understanding of this association will be required.

Keywords

Alzheimer disease, General anesthesia, Postoperative cognitive dysfunction

Resumo

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Tem sido especulado que o uso de agentes anestésicos possa ser um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doença de Alzheimer. O objetivo desta revisão é descrever e discutir dados pré-clínicos e clínicos relacionados com a anestesia e essa doença. Conteúdo: A doença de Alzheimer afeta cerca de 5% da população com mais de 65 anos, a idade é o principal fator de risco e está associada a uma elevada morbidade. A evidência atual questiona uma possível associação entre anestesia, cirurgia e efeitos cognitivos em longo prazo, o que inclui a doença de Alzheimer. Embora os dados obtidos em alguns dos estudos animais sugiram uma associação entre anestesia e neurotoxicidade, esse elo permanece inconclusivo em humanos. Fizemos uma revisão da literatura em que foram selecionados artigos científicos na base de dados Pubmed, publicados entre 2005 e 2016 (um de 1998 pela relevância histórica), em inglês, que abordam a eventual relação entre anestesia e doença de Alzheimer. Foram eleitos 49 artigos. Conclusão: A possível relação entre agentes anestésicos, disfunção cognitiva e doença de Alzheimer permanece por esclarecer. Serão necessários estudos de coorte prospetivos ou ensaios clínicos randomizados para melhor compreensão dessa associação.

Palavras-chave

Doença de Alzheimer, Anestesia geral, Disfunção cognitiva pós-operatória

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