Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjane.2016.07.014
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Perioperative gabapentin and pregabalin in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gabapentina e pregabalina no período perioperatório em cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Souvik Maitra; Dalim K. Baidya; Sulagna Bhattacharjee; Anirban Som

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Abstract

Abstract Objectives: Sternotomy for cardiac surgeries causes significant postoperative pain and when not properly managed may cause significant morbidity. As neuropathic pain is a significant component here, gabapentin and pregabalin may be effective in these patients and may reduce postoperative opioid consumption. The purpose of this systematic review was to find out efficacy of gabapentin and pregabalin in acute postoperative pain after cardiac surgery. Methods: Published prospective human randomized clinical trials, which compared preoperative and/or postoperative gabapentin/pregabalin with placebo or no treatment for postoperative pain management after cardiac surgery has been included in this review. Results: Four RCTs each for gabapentin and pregabalin have been included in this systematic review. Three gabapentin and two pregabalin studies reported decrease in opioid consumption in cardiac surgical patients while one gabapentin and two pregabalin studies did not. Three RCTs each for gabapentin and pregabalin reported lower pain scores both during activity and rest. The drugs are not associated with any significant complications. Conclusion: Despite lower pain scores in the postoperative period, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine use of gabapentin and pregabalin to reduce opioid consumption in the cardiac surgical patients.

Keywords

Cardiac surgery, Gabapentin, Pregabalin, Post-operative pain

Resumo

Resumo Objetivos: A esternotomia para cirurgias cardíacas causa dor intensa no pós-operatório e quando não tratada adequadamente pode causar morbidade grave. Como nesse caso a dor neuropática é uma componente importante, gabapentina e pregabalina podem ser eficazes nesses pacientes e podem reduzir o consumo de opioides no pós-operatório. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar a eficácia de gabapentina e pregabalina na dor aguda após cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Foram incluídos nesta revisão estudos clínicos prospectivos e randômicos com humanos, que compararam o uso de gabapentina/pregabalina nos períodos pré- e/ou pós-operatório com placebo ou nenhum tratamento para o controle da dor no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Resultados: Quatro ECRs de gabapentina e pregabalina foram incluídos nesta revisão sistemática. Três estudos de gabapentina e dois de pregabalina relataram diminuição do consumo de opioides em pacientes cirúrgicos cardíacos; um estudo de gabapentina e dois de pregabalina não relataram. Três ECRs de gabapentina e pregabalina relataram escores menores de dor, durante a atividade e o repouso. Os medicamentos não estão associados a complicações significativas. Conclusão: Embora os escores de dor tenham sido menores no pós-operatório, não há evidências suficientes para recomendar o uso rotineiro de gabapentina e pregabalina para reduzir o consumo de opioides em pacientes cirúrgicos cardíacos.

Palavras-chave

Cirurgia cardíaca, Gabapentina, Pregabalina, Dor no pós-operatório

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