Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjane.2015.08.011
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Regulation of hypnosis in Propofol anesthesia administration based on non-linear control strategy

Controle da hipnose na administração de propofol com base na estratégia de controle não linear

Muhammad Ilyas; Ali Khaqan; Jamshed Iqbal; Raja Ali Riaz

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2015.08.011 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.67, n2, p.122-130, 2017
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Abstract

Abstract Continuous adjustment of Propofol in manual delivery of anesthesia for conducting a surgical procedure overburdens the workload of an anesthetist who is working in a multi-tasking scenario. Going beyond manual administration and Target Controlled Infusion, closed-loop control of Propofol infusion has the potential to offer several benefits in terms of handling perturbations and reducing the effect of inter-patient variability. This paper proposes a closed-loop automated drug administration approach to control Depth Of Hypnosis in anesthesia. In contrast with most of the existing research on anesthesia control which makes use of linear control strategies or their improved variants, the novelty of the present research lies in applying robust control strategy i.e. Sliding Mode Control to accurately control drug infusion. Based on the derived patient's model, the designed controller uses measurements from EEG to regulate DOH on Bispectral Index by controlling infusion rate of Propofol. The performance of the controller is investigated and characterized with real dataset of 8 patients undergoing surgery. Results of this in silico study indicate that for all the patients, with 0% overshoot observed, the steady state error lies in between ±5. Clinically, this implies that in all the cases, without any overdose, the controller maintains the desired DOH level for smooth conduction of surgical procedures.

Keywords

Closed-loop anesthesia, Modern control, Biocontrol, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics

Resumo

Resumo O ajuste contínuo de propofol na administração manual de anestesia para um procedimento cirúrgico onera a carga de trabalho de anestesistas que trabalham em ambiente multitarefa. Indo além da administração manual e da infusão alvo-controlada (IAC), o controle de circuito fechado da infusão de propofol tem o potencial de oferecer vários benefícios em termos de manejo das perturbações e reduzir o efeito da variabilidade interpaciente. Este artigo propõe uma abordagem para a administração automatizada de drogas em circuito fechado para controlar a profundidade da hipnose (PDH) em anestesia. Em contraste com a maioria das pesquisas existentes sobre o controle da anestesia que usam estratégias de controle linear ou de suas variantes melhoradas, a novidade da presente pesquisa reside na aplicação de uma estratégia de controle consistente; isto é, o Controle por Modos Deslizantes (CMD) para controlar com precisão a infusão da droga. Com base no modelo derivado do paciente, o controlador projetado usa as medições do EEG para regular a PDH no Bispectral Index (BIS), controla a taxa de infusão de propofol. O desempenho do controlador é investigado e caracterizado com um conjunto de dados reais de oito pacientes submetidos à cirurgia. Os resultados deste estudo in silico indicam que, para todos os pacientes, com 0% de excesso observado, o erro de estado estacionário fica entre ± 5. Clinicamente, isso implica que em todos os casos, sem qualquer sobredosagem, o controlador mantém o nível desejado de PDH para a condução tranquila dos procedimentos cirúrgicos.

Palavras-chave

Anestesia de circuito fechado, Controle moderno, Biocontrole, Farmacodinâmica, Farmacocinética

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