Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjane.2015.03.008
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Informations

Cardiac arrest after epidural anesthesia for a esthetic plastic surgery: a case report

Parada cardíaca após peridural para cirurgia plástica estética: relato de caso

Larissa Cardoso Pinheiro; Bruno Mendes Carmona; Mário de Nazareth Chaves Fascio; Iris Santos de Souza; Rui Antonio Aquino de Azevedo; Fabiano Timbó Barbosa

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2015.03.008 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.67, n5, p.544-547, 2017
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Abstract

Abstract Cardiac arrest during neuraxial anesthesia is a serious adverse event, which may lead to significant neurological damage and death if not treated promptly. The associated mechanisms are neglected respiratory failure, extensive sympathetic block, local anaesthetic toxicity, total spinal block, in addition to the growing awareness of the vagal predominance as a predisposing factor. In the case reported, the patient was 25 years old, ASA I, scheduled for a esthetic lipoplasty. After sedation with midazolam and fentany, epidural anesthesia in interspaces T12-L1 and T2-T3 and catheter insertion into inferior puncture were performed. The patient remained in the supine position for 10 min. Then, she was placed in the prone position, developing asystolic cardiac arrest 20 min after the completion of neuraxial blockade. The medical team immediately placed the patient in the supine position and began cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Spontaneous circulation was achieved after twenty minutes of resuscitation. We discuss in this report the exacerbated vagal response as the main event mechanism. The patient's successful outcome emphasizes the importance of anaesthetic monitoring by anesthesiologists, prompt recognition and treatment of rhythm changes on the electrocardiogram.

Keywords

Cardiac arrest, Epidural anesthesia, Resuscitation after spinal anesthesia

Resumo

Resumo A parada cardíaca durante anestesia neuroaxial é um evento adverso grave, que pode ocasionar sequelas neurológicas importantes e morte se não tratada em tempo hábil. Os mecanismos associados são insuficiência respiratória negligenciada, bloqueio simpático extenso, toxicidade por anestésicos locais, raquianestesia total, além da crescente consciência da predominância vagal como fator predisponente. No caso reportado, a paciente tinha 25 anos e estado físico ASA I e foi programada para lipoplastia estética. Após sedação com midazolam e fentanil, foi feita anestesia peridural nos interespaços T12-L1 e T2-T3 e inserção de cateter na punção inferior. A paciente foi mantida em decúbito dorsal horizontal durante 10 minutos. Em seguida, foi posicionada em decúbito ventral, evoluiu com parada cardíaca em assistolia 20 minutos após o bloqueio do neuroeixo. A equipe médica imediatamente colocou a paciente em decúbito dorsal e iniciou as manobras de ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória. O retorno da circulação espontânea foi obtido após 20 minutos de reanimação. É discutida neste relato a resposta vagal exacerbada como principal mecanismo causal do evento. O sucesso do desfecho da paciente em questão ressalta a importância da vigilância do anestesiologista, e do pronto reconhecimento e tratamento de mudanças de ritmo no eletrocardiograma.

Palavras-chave

Parada cardíaca, Anestesia peridural, Reanimação após peridural

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