Abstract
Acute abdominal compartment syndrome is most commonly associated with blunt abdominal trauma, although it has been seen after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, liver transplantation, pancreatitis, and massive volume resuscitation. Acute abdominal compartment syndrome develops once the intra-abdominal pressure increases to 20-25 mm Hg and is characterized by an increase in airway pressures, inadequate ventilation and oxygenation, altered renal function, and hemodynamic instability. This case report details the development of acute abdominal compartment syndrome during transurethral resection of the prostate with extra- and intraperitoneal bladder rupture under general anesthesia. The first signs of acute abdominal compartment syndrome in this patient were high peak airway pressures and difficulty delivering tidal volumes. Management of the compartment syndrome included re-intubation, emergent exploratory laparotomy, and drainage of irrigation fluid. Difficulty with ventilation should alert the anesthesiologist to consider abdominal compartment syndrome high in the list of differential diagnoses during any endoscopic bladder or bowel case.
Keywords
Transurethral resection of the prostate, Bladder rupture, Abdominal compartment syndrome
Resumo
A síndrome compartimental abdominal aguda é mais comumente associada a trauma abdominal fechado, embora tenha sido observada após ruptura de aneurisma da aorta abdominal, transplante de fígado, pancreatite e reanimação com volume maciço. A síndrome compartimental abdominal aguda surge quando a pressão intra-abdominal aumenta para 20-25 mm Hg e é caracterizada pelo aumento das pressões das vias aéreas, ventilação e oxigenação inadequadas, função renal alterada e instabilidade hemodinâmica. Este relato de caso descreve o desenvolvimento da síndrome compartimental abdominal aguda durante a ressecção transuretral de próstata com ruptura da bexiga extra e intraperitoneal sob anestesia geral. Os primeiros sinais da síndrome compartimental abdominal aguda nesse paciente eram pressões de pico elevadas das vias aéreas e dificuldade para fornecer volumes correntes. O manejo da síndrome de compartimento inclui reintubação, laparotomia exploratória de emergência e drenagem de líquidos de irrigação. A dificuldade na ventilação deve alertar o anestesiologista para que considere a síndrome compartimental abdominal em primeiro lugar na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais durante qualquer caso de endoscopia de bexiga ou intestino.
Palavras-chave
Ressecção transuretral de próstata, Ruptura de bexiga, Síndrome compartimental abdominal
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