Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjane.2013.03.009
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion related to Guillain-Barré syndrome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Síndrome da secreção inapropriada do hormônio antidiurético relacionada à síndrome de Guillain-Barré após colecistectomia videolaparoscópica

Mensure Yilmaz Çakirgöz; Esra Duran; Cem Topuz; Deniz Kara; Namigar Turgut; Ülkü Aygen Türkmen; Bülent Turanç; Mustafa Önder Dolap; Volkan Hanci

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2013.03.009 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.64, n3, p.195-198, 2014
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Abstract

Background and objectives: Guillain-Barré Syndrome is one of the most common causes of acute polyneuropathy in adults. Recently, the occurrence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome after major and minor surgical operations has been increasingly debated. In Guillain-Barré syndrome, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and dysautonomy are generally observed after maximal motor deficit. Case report: A 44-year-old male patient underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. After the development of a severe headache, nausea, diplopia, and attacks of hypertension in the early postoperative period, a computer tomography of the brain was normal. Laboratory tests revealed hyponatremia linked to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, the patient's fluids were restricted, and furosemide and 3% NaCl treatment was initiated. On the second day postoperative, the patient developed numbness moving upward from the hands and feet, loss of strength, difficulty swallowing and respiratory distress. Guillain-Barré syndrome was suspected, and the patient was moved to intensive care. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed 320 mg/dL protein, and acute motor-sensorial axonal neuropathy was identified by electromyelography. Guillain-Barré syndrome was diagnosed, and intravenous immune globulin treatment (0.4 g/kg/day, 5 days) was initiated. After 10 days in the intensive care unit, at which the respiratory, hemodynamic, neurologic and laboratory results returned to normal, the patient was transferred to the neurology service. Conclusions: Our case report indicates that although syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and autonomic dysfunction are rarely the initial characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome, the possibility of postoperative syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion should be kept in mind. The presence of secondary hyponatremia in this type of clinical presentation may delay diagnosis.

Keywords

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Resumo

Justificativa e objetivos: a síndrome de Guillain-Barré é uma das causas mais comuns de polineuropatia aguda em adultos. Recentemente, a ocorrência após grandes e pequenas intervenções cirúrgicas tem sido cada vez mais debatida. Na Guillain-Barré, a síndrome da secreção inapropriada do hormônio antidiurético e a disautonomia são geralmente observadas após déficit motor máximo. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, 44 anos, submetido a colecistectomia videolaparoscópica para colecistite aguda. Após desenvolver uma forte dor de cabeça, náusea, diplopia e ataques de hipertensão no período pós-operatório imediato, uma tomografia computadorizada do cérebro revelou-se normal. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram hiponatremia associada à síndrome de secreção inadequada de hormônio antidiurético; os líquidos foram restritos e tratamento com furosemida e NaCl a 3% foi iniciado. No segundo dia pós-operatório, o paciente desenvolveu dormência que se propagava a partir das mãos e dos pés, perda de força, dificuldade para engolir e respirar. Suspeitou-se de síndrome de Guillain-Barré e o paciente foi transferido para a unidade de tratamento intensivo. Exame do líquido cefalorraquidiano revelou 320 mg/dL de proteína e neuropatia axonal sensório-motora aguda foi identificada por eletromiografia. Síndrome de Guillain-Barré foi diagnosticada e tratamento intravenoso com imunoglobuliva (0,4 g/kg/dia, cinco dias) foi iniciado. Após 10 dias na unidade de terapia intensiva, durante os quais os parâmetros respiratório, hemodinâmico, neurológicos e laboratoriais voltaram ao normal, o paciente foi transferido para o serviço de neurologia. Conclusões: nosso relato de caso indica que, embora a síndrome de secreção inapropriada do hormônio antidiurético e a disfunção autonômica raramente sejam características iniciais da síndrome de Guillain-Barré, a possibilidade de ocorrência pós-operatória da síndrome de secreção inadequada do hormônio antidiurético deve ser considerada. A presença de hiponatremia secundária nesse tipo de apresentação clínica pode retardar o diagnóstico.

Palavras-chave

Síndrome de secreção inadequada do hormônio antidiurético, Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, Colecistectomia laparoscópica

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