Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjan.2013.04.003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Informations

Leiomiomatose endovenosa: abordagem anestésica a propósito de um caso clínico

Anesthetic approach for a clinical case of intravenous leiomyomatosis: case report

Luís Oliveira; Samuel Ramos

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjan.2013.04.003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.63, n6, p.504-507, 2013
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Descrevemos a abordagem anestésica a propósito de um caso clínico de leiomiomatose endovenosa, com invasão da veia cava inferior e extensão à aurícula direita, tratada com êxito por meio de abordagem cirúrgica. RELATO DE CASO: Doente do sexo feminino, 45 anos, aparentemente estável até duas semanas antes da ida à urgência, altura em que iniciou cansaço e dispneia. Fez ecocardiograma, no qual se constatou massa intracardíaca. Por isso, fez tumorectomia eletiva na transição veia cava-aurícula direita e ventrículo direito. À histologia, a peça operatória evidenciou sugestividade de leiomioma uterino. Posteriormente, para avaliar a extensão, fez-se tomografia computadorizada, que demonstrou extensão à veia cava inferior e ao ovário esquerdo. Foi então proposta para histerectomia total, anexetomia esquerda e salpingectomia direita, remoção de leiomioma intravenoso e colocação de filtro definitivo na veia cava inferior. Neste artigo descreve-se a abordagem anestésica com particular ênfase na correção das necessidades hídricas, bem como na evolução no pós-operatório, e salientam-se possíveis contributos à abordagem futura de casos semelhantes. CONCLUSÕES: O diagnóstico pré-operatório de leiomiomatose endovenosa é extremamente difícil. O tratamento consiste na extração cirúrgica. Esse procedimento envolve importantes perdas hemáticas e, por isso, condicionou a preparação pré-operatória. No intraoperatório a fluidoterapia foi fulcral e a monitoração invasiva se assumiu como preponderante no auxílio do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico da doente. A existência de um laboratório de análises clínicas acessível e com resposta rápida e avaliação gasimétrica próxima foi determinante. A unidade de cuidados intensivos equipada com ventilador para os cuidados pós-operatórios revelou-se outra necessidade decorrente deste caso.

Palavras-chave

Anestesiologia, Leiomiomatose, Neoplasias uterinas, Histerectomia, Filtro da veia cava

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the anesthetic approach in a case of intravenous leiomyomatosis with invasion of the inferior vena cava and extension to the right atrium, successfully treated with surgical approach. CASE REPORT:Female patient, 45 years old, apparently stable until two weeks before the admission to the emergency department with complaints of fatigue and dyspnea. Echocardiogram was performed, which detected an intracardiac mass. Therefore, elective tumorectomy was performed in the vena cava-right atrium and right ventricle transition. Histological examination of the specimen suggested uterine leiomyoma. Subsequently, to assess the extent, computed tomography was done and showed extension to the inferior vena cava and left ovary. Hysterectomy, left adnexectomy and right salpingectomy, removal of intravenous leiomyoma, and permanent filter placement in the inferior vena cava were proposed. In this article, we describe the anesthetic approach with particular emphasis on the correction of fluid requirements, as well as postoperative evolution, and we highlight possible contributions to future approach of similar cases. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis is extremely difficult. Treatment consists of surgical removal. This procedure involves major blood loss and, therefore, preoperative preparation was conditioned: intraoperative fluid therapy was central and invasive monitoring considered predominant to assist in fluid and electrolyte balance of the patient; the existence of a clinical laboratory accessible and with rapid response and blood gas assessment was crucial; the intensive care unit equipped with ventilator for postoperative care proved to be another requirement resulting from this case.

Keywords

Anesthesiology, Leiomyomatosis, Uterine neoplasms, Hysterectomy, Vena cava filter

References

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