Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjan.2013.03.014
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Determinação do volume mínimo efetivo de bupivacaína 0,5% para bloqueio do plexo braquial por via axilar guiado por ultrassom

Determination of the minimum effective volume of 0.5% bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block

Leonardo Henrique Cunha Ferraro; Alexandre Takeda; Luiz Fernando dos Reis Falcão; André Hosoi Rezende; Eduardo Jun Sadatsune; Maria Angela Tardelli

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjan.2013.03.014 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.64, n1, p.49-53, 2014
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Resumo

Justificativa e objetivo: o uso do ultrassom para acompanhar o correto posicionamento da agulha e a dispersão do anestésico local permitiu a redução do volume de anestésico local necessário para o bloqueio de nervos periféricos. Existem poucos trabalhos sobre o volume mínimo efetivo de anestésico local para o bloqueio do plexo braquial via axilar (BPVA). Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar o volume mínimo efetivo (VE90) de bupivacaína 0,5% comadrenalina (1:200.000) para o BPVA guiado por ultrassom. Método: o método up-and-down proposto por Massey e Dixon foi usado para o cálculo do volume mínimo efetivo. A dose inicial foi de 5 ml por nervo (radial, mediano, ulnar e musculocutâneo). No caso de falha do bloqueio, o volume era aumentado em 0,5 mL por nervo. O sucesso do bloqueio resultava na diminuição do volume em 0,5 mL por nervo para o paciente subsequente. O sucesso do bloqueio foi definido como bloqueio da função motora ≤ 2 segundo a escala de Bromage modificada, ausência de sensibilidade térmica e de resposta ao pinprick. Foi definido como critério para término do estudo a obtenção de cinco casos de falha seguidos de casos de sucesso. Resultados: foram incluídos 19 pacientes no estudo. O volume mínimo efetivo (VE90) de bupi-vacaína 0,5% com 1:200.000 de adrenalina foi de 1,56 ml (IC 95% 0,99-3,5) por nervo. Conclusão: este trabalho corrobora alguns estudos que mostram que é possível obter anestesia cirúrgica com baixos volumes de anestésico local para bloqueios de nervo periférico guiados por ultrassom.

Palavras-chave

Anestesia regional, Plexo braquial, Volume mínimo, Ultrassom, Bupivacaína

Abstract

Background and objective: The use of ultrasound for needle correct placement and local anesthetic spread monitoring helped to reduce the volume of local anesthetic required for peripheral nerve blocks. There are few studies of the minimum effective volume of local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus block. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective volume (VE90) of 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine (1:200,000) for ultrasound guided ABPB. Method: Massey and Dixon's up-and-down method was used to calculate the minimum effective volume. The initial dose was 5 mL per nerve (radial, median, ulnar, and musculocutaneous). In case of blockade failure, the volume was increased to 0.5 mL per nerve. A successful blockade resulted in decreased volume of 0.5 mL per nerve to the next patient. Successful blockade was defined as a motor block ≤2, according to the modified Bromage scale; lack of thermal sensitivity; and response to pinprick. The achievement of five cases of failure followed by success cases was defined as criterion to complete the study. Results: 19 patients were included in the study. The minimum effective volume (VE90) of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine was 1.56 mL (95% CI, 0.99-3.5) per nerve. Conclusion: This study is in agreement with some other studies, which show that it is possible to achieve surgical anesthesia with low volumes of local anesthetic for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks.

Keywords

Regional anesthesia, Brachial plexus, Minimum volume, Ultrasound, Bupivacaine

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