Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjan.2012.11.002
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Avaliação pré-operatória do paciente pneumopata

Preoperative evaluation of the patient with pulmonary disease

Luiza Helena Degani-Costa; Sonia Maria Faresina; Luiz Fernando dos Reis Falcão

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Resumo

Justificativa e objetivos: Na prática clínica diária, complicações pulmonares relacionadas ao procedimento cirúrgico são comuns, o que aumenta a morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes. A ponderação do risco de complicações pulmonares é um importante passo da avaliação pré-operatória. Dessa forma, fizemos uma revisão dos aspectos mais relevantes da avaliação pré-operatória do paciente pneumopata. Conteúdo: A estratificação do risco pulmonar depende dos sintomas clínicos e do estado físico do doente. Idade, doenças respiratórias preexistentes, estado nutricional e tratamento médico continuado são, geralmente, mais importantes do que exames complementares. Testes de função pulmonar assumem grande relevância quando procedimentos torácicos ou abdominais alto são propostos, especialmente se considerada a realização de ressecção pulmonar. Conclusões: A compreensão da avaliação perioperatória acerca do risco para potencial complicação pulmonar permite à equipe médica escolher adequada técnica anestésica e cuidados clínicos e cirúrgicos que se adequem a cada paciente, o que reduz, portanto, desfechos respiratórios desfavoráveis.

Palavras-chave

Anestesia, Avaliação, Pulmão, Pneumonectomia

Abstract

Background and objectives: In daily clinical practice, pulmonary complications related to surgical procedure are common, increasing the morbidity and mortality of patients. Assessment of the risk of pulmonary complications is an important step in the preoperative evaluation. Thus, we review the most relevant aspects of preoperative assessment of the patient with lung disease. Content: Pulmonary risk stratification depends on clinical symptoms and patient's physical status. Age, preexisting respiratory diseases, nutritional status, and continued medical treatment are usually more important than additional tests. Pulmonary function tests are of great relevance when high abdominal or thoracic procedures are scheduled, particularly when lung resection are considered. Conclusion: Understanding the perioperative evaluation of the potential risk for developing pulmonary complication allows the medical team to choose the adequate anesthetic technique and surgical and clinical care required by each patient, thereby reducing adverse respiratory outcomes.

Keywords

Anesthesia, Evaluation, Lung, Pneumonectomy

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