Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1016/j.bjan.2012.06.001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Estudo comparativo entre bupivacaína (S75-R25) e ropivacaína para avaliar a segurança cardiovascular em bloqueio do plexo braquial

Comparative study related to cardiovascular safety between bupivacaine (S75-R25) and ropivacaine in brachial plexus block

Adilson Hamaji; Marcelo Rosa de Rezende; Rames Mattar Jr; Joaquim Edson Vieira; José Otávio Costa Auler Jr

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjan.2012.06.001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.63, n4, p.322-326, 2013
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Bupivacaína é o fármaco de escolha para anestesia regional por causa da eficácia, longa duração e do bloqueio motor menos intenso. Bupivacaína (S75-R25) é uma mistura de isômeros ópticos que contém 75% de levobupivacaína (S-) e 25% de dextrobupivacaína (R+) e foi criada por uma companhia farmacêutica brasileira. Este estudo comparou a eficácia e segurança de bupivacaína S75-R25 com vasoconstritor e ropivacaína para o sistema cardiovascular em bloqueio do plexo braquial. MÉTODOS: Pacientes foram randomizados para receber bloqueio do plexo braquial com bupivacaína S75-R25 (Grupo B) com epinefrina 1:200.000 ou ropivacaína (Grupo R), ambos os fármacos a 0,50%, em 30 mL ECG contínuo (Holter) foi registrado durante todo o procedimento, bem como a escala de força de Lovett, além de monitoramento (frequência cardíaca, oximetria de pulso e pressão arterial não invasiva). A incidência de eventos adversos foi comparada com os testes do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e quatro pacientes foram estudados. Não houve diferença significativa em relação à idade, peso, altura, gênero e tempo cirúrgico. Não houve diferença entre arritmias supraventriculares antes ou depois do bloqueio do plexo braquial, independentemente do anestésico local escolhido. A perda de sensibilidade foi mais rápida no Grupo B (23,1 ± 11,7 min) em comparação com o Grupo R (26,8 ± 11,5 min), embora não significativa (p = 0,205, teste t de Student). Houve uma redução da frequência cardíaca, observada durante a monitoração contínua de 24 horas (Holter). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou eficácia semelhante entre bupivacaína S75-R25 e ropivacaína para bloqueio do plexo braquial, com incidências semelhantes de arritmias supraventriculares.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, Local, bupivacaína (S75-R25), ropivacaína, FARMACOLOGIA, Estereoisomerismo, eletrocardiografia ambulatorial, TÉCNICA ANESTÉSICA, Regional, plexo braquial

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bupivacaine is a first choice for regional anesthesia considering its effectiveness, long duration and less motor blockade. Bupivacaine (S75-R25) is a mixture of optical isomers containing 75% levobupivacaine (S-) and 25% dextrobupivacaine (R+) created by a Brazilian pharmaceutical company. This investigation compared cardiac safety and efficacy of bupivacaine S75-R25 with vasoconstrictor and ropivacaine for brachial plexus blockade. METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive brachial plexus anesthesia with either bupivacaine S75-R25 with epinephrine 1:200,000 (bupi) or ropivacaine (ropi), both at 0.50%, in 30 mL solution. We registered a continuous Holter ECG throughout the procedure, as well as the Lovett scale of force in addition to monitoring (heart rate, pulse oximetry and non-invasive blood pressure). The incidence of adverse events was compared with the chi-square or Fisher test. RESULTS: We allocated forty-four patients into two groups. They did not show any difference related to age, weight or height, gender, as well as for surgical duration. Supraventricular arrhythmias were not different before or after the plexus blockade, independent of the local anesthetic chosen. Loss of sensitivity was faster for the bupivacaine group (23.1 ± 11.7 min) compared to the ropivacaine one (26.8 ± 11.5 min), though not significant (p = 0.205, Student t). There was a reduction in the cardiac rate, observed during the twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed similar efficacy between bupivacaine S75-R25 for brachial plexus blockade and ropivacaine, with similar incidences of supraventricular arrhythmias.

Keywords

Amides, ropivacaine, Anesthesia, Conduction, Brachial Plexus, Bupivacaine, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Stereoisomerism

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